非正规制度、消费模式和代际交叠模型——东方文化信念中居民消费特征

3(250100):,,,(bequest)(gift),,,:3,,(absoluteincomehypothesis),,,(lifecyclehypothesis)(permanentincomehypothesis),,,,,,,,(OLG),,Barro(1974),(operativealtruisticbequestmotives),,,Becker(1974),(one2side),,Buiter2Carmichael(1984)Burbidge(1983)Abel(1987),(gift)(bequest),,Bernheimetal(1985),,,,7520054©1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,,(),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Zou(1995)ChenandBakshi(1996)(thespiritofcapitalism),,Zou(1995)ChenandBakshi(1996)MIU(moneyPcurrencyintheutilityFunction),Lucas(1978)LucastreeP(treesPstocksintheutilityfunction)(Sargent,1987)Buiter2Carmichael(1984)Burbidge(1983)Abel(1987),,(gift)(bequest),(),,:,:,,;,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,85:,,,,AvnerGreif(HCIA)(sharedbelief)©1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,Zou(1995)BakshiandChen(1996),,,,,,,,Coleman(1988),,,,,,;,(),Portes(1993),Zou(1995),:(life2cyclemodel);(bequestmodel);(capitalist2spiritmodel),,(MaxWeber,1958)Zou(1995)(giftandbequest),,,:,,();,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,t,t+1,(OLG),tC1,t,t+1C2,t+1,,tt+1,ut=u(c1,t,c2,t+1),(w1,t,w2,t+1),vt=u(c1,t,c2,t+1)+u(c1,t-1,c2,t)+(w1,t,w2,t+1)+u(c1,t+1,c2,t+2)(1)(time2separated)u(c1,s,c2,s+1)=u(c1,s)+11+u(c2,s+1),s=t-1,t,t+19520054Bourdieu(1986)Coleman(1988),Zou(1995)Weber(1958),,,Weber,Keynes(1936)animalspirit©1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.(w1,t,w2,t+1)=(w1,t)+11+(w2,t+1)u(c),(w),Inada,:vt=u(c1,t)+11+u(c2,t+1)+u(c1,t-1)+11+u(c2,t)+(w1,t)+11+(w2,t+1)+u(c1,t+1)+11+u(c2,t+2),0,01(2),,,,[0,1),,,=1P(1+),(representativeagentinfinite2horizonlifemodel)(),,,,1+=0,=0,Barro(1974)Becker(1974)(),,,,;,,,:,,,Barro(1974)=0,=0,Zou(1995)(),,,gttt-1(),tn,bttt+1n(t+1),ttbt-1,yt,tt+1,ngt+1;rt+1tt+1,t(c1,t+gt+w1,t)(1+rt+1)+c2,t+1+w2,t+1+nbt=(yt+bt-1+w1,t+(1+rt)w2,t-1)(1+rt+1)+ngt+1(3)w1,t=yt+(1+rt)w2,t-1+bt-1-c1,t-gt(4)w2,t+1=(1+rt+1)w1,t+ngt+1-c2,t+1-nbt(5)(3),t,,;06:©1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.:(4)(5),,(4),w1,t=yt+bt-1-c1,t-gt,,(freedisposal),(4)(5)(3):u(c1,t)1+u(c2,t),gt0,;(6)u(c2,t+1)(1+)nu(c1,t+1),bt0,;(7)(w2,t+1)=u(c2,t+1);(8)(w1,t)+(1+rt+1)1+u(c2,t+1)=u(c1,t);(9)(6),,Kuhn2Tucker,,gt=0,,,,;(7),,tc2,t+1,t+11Pn,,,bt0,,,;(8)(9),tt+1,(9),=0,,:,,w1,tw2,t+1(9)(10)(4)(5)(w2,t++1)=u((1+rt+1)w1,t+ngt+1-w2,t+1-nbt);(w1,t)+(1+rt+1)1+(w2,t+1)=u(yt+(1+rt)w2,t-1+bt-1-w1,t-gt);,w1,t,w2,t+1,:(4)(5),st=s(bt-1-gt+wt,n(gt+1-bt),1+rt+1),s10,s20,s30,,9s90,9s90,9s90:(elasticityofintertemporalsubstitution)(c)=-u(c)cu(c),,(c),,dln(c2,t+1Pc1,t)=dln(1+rt+1),,,vonNeumann2Morgenstern,c2,t+1Pc1,t,c2,t+1c1,t:t+1(),w2,t+1Pw1,t1(1)u(c1,t)Pu(c2,t+1)(1+(1+rt+1)(1+)-1)((1+(1+rt+1)(1+)-1)),Zou(1995)1620054©1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,(9)(10),(w1,t)(w2,t+1)=u(c1,t)u(c2,t+1)-1+rt+11+(w),w2,t+1Pw1,t1,,:u(c1,t)0,n(intergenerationalconsistency),,u(c2,t+1)(1+)nu(c1,t+1),u(c2,t)(1+)nu(c1,t),u(c1,t)1+u(c2,t),u(c1,t)1+u(c2,t)1+(1+)nu(c1,t)=(Pn)u(c1,t),11,,,,,;,,,,,,21,,,,,,,,(steadystate),,,,,31(steadystate),(),,,,,,,,,:,,,,(dynamicinefficiency),OLG26:©1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,,,,,,,(),,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,()Solow,9y9ssy=k1-k,k(Romer,2001),,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,;,,,3620054©1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.()(dynamicconsistency)(n),,n,(two2sided),,,,,,()(),,,,,,,,,(),,Lucas(1976),,,Barro(1974),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,OLG,,(bequest)(gift),,,46:,,,,(Lucas,1976),©1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,(),,,,Abel,A.B.,1987,OperativeGiftandBequestMotives,AmericanEconomicReview77(5):10371047.Bakshi,GurdipS.andZhi2wuChen,1996,TheSpiritofCapitalismandStock2MarketPrices,AmericanEconomicReview86(1):133157.Berro,R.J.,1974,AreGovernmentBondsNetWealth?JournalofPoliticalEconomy82(6):10951117.Becker,G.S.,1974,ATheoryofSocialInteractions,JournalofPoliticalEconomy82(6):10631093.Bernheim,B.D.,Shleifer,A.andL.H.Summers,1985,TheStrategicBequestMotive,JournalofPoliticalEconomy93(6):10451076.Bourdieu,Pierre,1986,TheFormsofCapital,inHandbookofTheoryandResearchfortheSociologyofEducation,Ed.byJohnG.Richardson,NewYork:Greenwood.Buiter,W.andCarmichael,Jeffrey,1984,GovernmentDebt:Comment,AmericanEconomicReview74(4):762765.Burbidge,JohnB.,1983,GovernmentDebtinanOverlapping2GenerationsModelwithBequestsandGifts,AmericanEconomicReview73(1)222227.Coleman,J.S.,1988,SocialCapitalintheCreationofHumanCaptical,AmericanJournalofSociology94:95120.Lucas,RobertE.,Jr,1978,AssetPricesinanExchangeEconomy,Econometrica46(6):14261445.Lucas,R.E.,Jr,1976,EconometricPolicyEvaluation:ACritique,JournalofMonetaryEconomics,supplement,1946.Portes,A.andSensenbrenner,J.,1993,EmbeddednessandImmigration:NotesontheSocialDeterminantsofEconomicAction,AmericanJournalofSociology98:13201350.Romer,David,2001,AdvancedMacroeconomics,SecondEdition,McGraw2Hill.Sargent,ThomasJ.,1987,DynamicMacroeconomicTheory,HarvardUniversityPress.Weber,Max,1958,TheProtestantEthicandtheSpiritofCapitalism,NewYork:CharlesScribnersSons.ZouHeng2fu,1995,TheSpiritofCapitalismandSavingBehavior,JournalofEconomicBehaviorandOrganizat