韩国老龄化与养老保障制度

[][]2000,657%,(thesuper-agedsociety),,,(NationalPensionScheme,NPS),(theRetirementPensionScheme,RPS)(theHousePensionScheme,HPS)(thePrivatePensionScheme,PPS),(NPS),-,(NPS)2060,,;,;,(NPF),,2000,657%,;,6520%(super-agedsociety)(,2005),,,15-64,,,,,,,,,,4911960,;1980,,,(NationalPensionScheme,NPS)(theRetirementPensionScheme,RPS)(theHousePensionScheme,HPS)(thePrivatePensionScheme,PPS),,,(),657%,(ageingsociety);14%,(agedsociety);20%,(super-agedsociety)(,2005)1,200065339.5,7%,1:20002005201020202030204020504700.84787.84887.54922.14841.14596.14232.7339.5451.9535.7773.01134.31021.81487.1(%)7.29.411.015.723.430.535.1:UNPD(2008),1,20059.4%,(15.3%)6(UNPD,2008);,2,20182026,188,,,(35.1%)37.7%(UNPD,2008)27%()14%()20%()200020182026188186419792019115401942201320287115192919762020474419321972201040381970199420062412:(2005)5912008.4(),,,197057.7,199069.8200577,19606.0,20061.08,2.1(Moonetal.,2006,p.30),2002(OECD)1.6(KimandYoo,2007),20184934,20304863.5,3,2000,10.10,0.21;20300.37,(0.18)3()320002030(0-14)(15-64)(65)(0-14)(15-64)(65)2000203029.763.46.922.465.811.80.110.1818.267.414.415.462.022.60.210.3721.171.77.211.264.724.10.100.3714.768.117.212.759.328.00.250.4721.566.012.517.861.620.60.190.3314.367.518.211.659.329.10.270.4918.765.415.916.959.923.20.240.3924.968.36.817.367.015.70.100.233:=/:(2005),,,1/2,1/4,1/3,1/3,,0.51,,,1000,86.3%,(,2005),,,-,,,,,,,(NationalPensionSystem,NPS),(theRetirement691PensionScheme,RPS)(thePri2vatePensionScheme,PPS),(NPS)(RPS)(PPS),2007,(theBasicOld-AgePensionScheme,BOAPS)(NPS),(theHousingPensionSystem,HPS),(NPS)(BOAPS)(RPS)(PPS)(HPS)()(NPS)1988,10,,19994,18-59,,,:9%,45,22,360,360,36020071,4511.4%(,2007)9%,4.5%,200612,1773.99,860.48,41.5%;908.64,57.5%;4.87,1.0%,,,:(flat-ratebenefit)(earning-relatedbenefit);,(theincomereplacementrate)2007,40,60%2007,200850%,202840%:=c(A+B)(1+0.05n)c=1.8(2006);1.2(2028)A=3()B=()n=2010,604,,,,,(4040%),(9%)4(2007)58.019.263.016.463.121.552.412.477.928.339.216.584.529.357.45.2:(2007)()(BOAPS),2007(NPS),(BOAPS)20081,7912008.4,,,,5%-10%()(RPS),50,1/12,:,,,,,,200512,,,,,,,,,(RPS):(definedbenefitscheme)(definedcontributionscheme),,;,,,,,,,,,(),,,(theIndividualRetirementAc2count,IRA),,10,,,(IRA),,(IRA),,,,20075,1.9928,(50.1)4%,,,()(PPS)18,(PPS),,,(NPS),10,55,6065,,,1994,2001,:300,;891,:,:;14,(2006),2003,6015.6%()(HPS)20077,(ReverseMortgage)(KoreaHousingFinanceCorporation,KHFC),65,(KHFC)(HPS),,,(MortgageLoan),,,,,,,,,,,,,,(KHFC),,,(NPS),,,()(NPS)(pay-as-you-gomethod)(fundedmethod),,,,,(NPS),(theNa2tionalPensionFund,NPF),,,,,(NPS),1988-,3%,70%,199319986%9%9%,70%60%,200850%,202840%(NPS),2006,1770,200,11.29%,(NPF),(NPF),,;,2030,(NPF)2007,(NPS),-,9912008.4,,(NPS),20472060,13(NPS),,(NPF),,,2040(NPF),(NPS)2007,,,,(NPS)(NPS),(NPS),45,(NPS),(NPF)200(NPF),5,:,,,(NPS)2020,(NPS)40%,(BOAPS),(NPS)()(RPS),54%,(RPS)(RPS),,,,(RPS)5,()(PPS)(RPS),(PPS)(PPS),300,,()(HPS),(HPS),,,(HPS),002,(NPS)LimKang(2005),(NPS)(RPS)(PPS),,(HPS)(BOAPS),,,(NPS),,(NPS)-,2060(NPS),,,,:,;,;,(NPF),,ThestatisticswasobtainedfromthehomepageoftheOfficeofStatis2ticsofKorea.Numberofchildrentobeproducedbyawomenduringthechild-bearingperiod(15-49yearsold).InEurope,fiscalexpendituretosupportpublicpensionsoccupies9.1percentofthegovernmentbudgetontheaverage(Park,2007).In2006,thefundinvestedindomesticbonds(78.2%),domesticstocks(11.0%),overseabonds(8.7%),foreignstocks(0.6%),etc.1.LiteratureinKoreanJeon,S.H.(2006),AnalyzingParticipationDecisionofPrivatePensionScheme,InsuranceDevelopmentReview17(1),pp.137-168.Jung,H.S.(Dec.2007),AgeingandPolicyChallengesofJapan,BankofKorea.Kim,K.H.andK.Y.Yoo(2007)TheImpactofDecreasedBirthRateonHumanInvestmentandFinancialMarket,StudiesofFinancialEconomy,BankofKorea.KoreaInstituteofFinance(February2005),ChallengestoPopula2tionAgeingintheFinancialSector.Lim,B.I.andS.H.Kang(2005),TheEffectoftheIncomeSecurityintheOldAgefromtheNationalPension,theRetirementPensionandthePrivatePensionbytheIncomeClasses,InsuranceDevelopmentJournalvol.16no.3,pp.89-121.Moon,HyungP.etal.(2006),SocialandEconomicImpactofPopulationAgeingandCountervailingMeasures,Report06-05-01,KoreaDevelopmentInstitute.Park,J.H.(2007),ImpactandImplicationsofPensionReformofMajorEuropeanCountries,BOKResearchJournal,2007-30,BankofKorea.2.LiteratureinEnglishCapretta,JamesG.(January2007),GlobalAgingandtheSustain2abilityofPublicPensionSystems,CenterforStrategicandInterna2tionalStudies.KoreaNationalStatisticalOffice(2007),ExploreKoreaThroughStatistics.Poterba,J.(2004),TheImpactofPopulationAgingonFinancialMarkets,NationalBureauofEconomicResearch(U.S.),UnitedNationsPopulationDivision(UNPD)(January2008),WorldPopulationProspects(2006Revision).:(Jin-SooKim),,;31;:602-714(KelinYe),,,210013:1022008.4