【珍藏精品】2011届高考第一轮总复习经典实用学案：语法专题12

语法专题十二虚拟语气虚拟语气主要考查虚拟语气的概念(表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实)及其用法。1．条件状语从句中的虚拟(1)条件从句与现在事实不一致时的句型：If＋主语＋过去时，主语＋should(could,would，或might)＋动词原形。(2)条件从句与过去事实不一致时的句型：If＋主语＋had＋过去分词，主语＋should(could,would，或might)＋have＋过去分词。(3)条件从句与将来事实不一致时的句型：If＋主语＋过去时/should＋动词原形/wereto＋动词原形，主语＋should(could,would，或might)＋动词原形。(4)根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都要遵守上述句型。(5)在条件句中如果出现were,had,should可省去if，将were,had,should用于句首，引起倒装。2．名词性从句中的虚拟语气(1)主语从句中的虚拟语气。主要取决于某些形容词和过去分词，用来表示建议、命令、要求、惊异和失望等。其形式为：(should)＋动词原形。这样用的形容词有：appropriate适当的；advisable适当的，合理的；better较好的；desirable理想的；essential精华的；imperative迫切的；important重要的；insistent坚持的；natural自然的；necessary必要的；preferable优越的，较好的；strange奇怪的；urgent紧迫的；vital极其重要的，过去分词有：desired,demanded,ordered,requested,suggested,recommended,required等。(2)表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气。在表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要求使用虚拟语气。其形式为：(should)＋动词原形。常这样用的名词有：resolution决心，决议pray恳求decision决议motion提议suggestion建议preference选择proposal提议advice劝告recommendation推荐desire愿望demand要求requirement要求order命令necessity必要性request要求idea主意、想法。(3)某些动词后所接宾语从句中的谓语动词要求用虚拟语气，用来表示建议、命令和要求等。其形式为：(should)＋动词原形。常这样用的动词有：ask要求advise劝告determine决定decide决定command命令insist坚持intend打算move提议prefer宁愿propose提议order命令recommend推荐request要求require要求suggest建议urge主张demand要求desire渴望direct命令等。3．虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句(1)It’stime句型：当It’stime后用that从句时应该用should＋动词原形，或用过去式。(2)Ifonly引起的感叹句相当于“HowIwish＋宾语从句”。(3)wouldrather,asif(though)引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时。(4)without,but,butfor,butthat,otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。(5)Ifitwerenotfor.../Ifithadn’tbeenfor...(要不是因为……)，其后面的主句也需使用虚拟。(6)wish后的宾语从句：表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋动词过去式或were表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋had＋过去分词表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋would＋动词原形。注意：在解虚拟语气题时，应注意下列问题：1．弄清虚拟语气的概念；2．分清是虚拟语气还是陈述语气；3．虚拟语气在各种句式中的构成；4．看清混合条件句中表示时间的关键词；5．注意前后句的暗示，准确判断属哪种情形的虚拟语气。1.(2009·浙江)Thedoctorrecommendedthatyou______swimaftereatingalargemeal.A.wouldn’tB.couldn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t2．(2009·天津)Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifit______breakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might3．(2009·安徽)Butfortheirhelp,we______theprogramintime.A.cannotfinishB.willnotfinishC.hadnotfinishedD.couldnothavefinished4．(2009·福建)ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,I______thefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.A.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewon5．(2009·海淀区期中)We______lastnight,butwewenttoappreciatetheflowerbedsandstreetlightsinTian’sanmenSquareinstead.A.mightstudyB.couldstudyC.shouldhavestudiedD.musthavestudied6．(2009·泉州毕业班质检)—Mike,it’sapityyoudidn’tcometolastnight’sconcert.Itwasreallygreat!—Really?IfI______sobusy,Iwouldhavegonewithyou.A.hadn’tbeenB.weren’tC.shouldn’tbeD.wouldn’tbe7．(2009·潍坊教学检测)HowIwishI______mymouthbeforeIshoutedatmymum!A.shutB.haveshutC.hadshutD.wouldshut8．(2009·东北三校联合模拟)—Whyareyousolate?—Igotstuckinthetrafficjam,orI______earlier.A.arrivedB.havearrivedC.wouldarriveD.wouldhavearrived9．(2009·南昌调研)Ifyou______thatfilmlatelastnight,youwouldn’tbesosleepy.A.didn’tseeB.haven’tseenC.wouldn’thaveseenD.hadn’tseen10．(2009·南京调研)—Dad,canIsurftheInternet?—Again?Iwishthatyou______goingonline______yourhealth.A.know;willdoharmtoB.knew;isdoingharmtoC.know;havedoneharmtoD.knew;weredoingharmto11．(2009·南昌调研)Ifhe______hislegsinthelasttraining,he______thecomingWorldCup,whichhehasbeenlongingtocompetein.A.didn’thurt;wouldgoinforB.hadn’thurt;wouldhavetakenpartinC.hadn’thurt;wouldjoininD.didn’thurt;wouldhavetakenpartin12．(2009·西安八校联考)______inmypresentwork,Iwouldbequitewillingtodowhatyouaskmeto.A.IfIamnotengagedB.WereInotengagedC.IfIdon’tengageD.Didn’tIengage13．(2009·东北三校联合模拟)—Whereareyougoingtofindajobaftergraduation?—Idon’tknow.Butit’sabouttime______formyself.A.I’dprovideB.IprovidedC.IprovideD.I’mproviding14．(2009·潍坊教学检测)“Itisstronglyrecommended，”addedthefirefighterduringaninterviewonafireaccidentinathree－starhotel,“thatnobody______backtoyourroomtocollectyourbelongingsduringafire.”A.goesB.wentC.goD.willgo15．(2009·保定模拟)Ifonlyhe______himselfandexplainedwhohewas,then,ofcourseIshouldhavegivenhimproperservice.A.hadintroducedB.introducedC.hasintroducedD.haveintroduced16．(2009·西城抽样)—Timeflies.Sevendayshavepassed.Iwanttogobacktomyhometown.—Yeah!Howfasttimeruns!Buttakeyourtime;I’dratheryou______herealittlelonger.A.hadstayedB.arestayingC.shouldstayD.stayed17．(2009·东城模拟)Iwouldhavecomeearlier,butI______thatyouwerewaitingforme.A.hadn’tknownB.didn’tknowC.wouldhaveknownD.haven’tknown18．(2009·安徽联考)—YaoMingandYiJianlianhavefinishedtheirseasoninNBAthisyear.—Yes.They______betterbutfortheinjuries.A.couldhavedoneB.candoC.couldn’thavedoneD.can’tdo19．(2009·吉林高三模拟)—Youwon’tbelievewhatJakedidlastnight!Hemovedhisbedbyhimself.—Youarekidding.He______that.Hecouldhavebrokenhisback.A.wouldn’thavedoneB.mustn’thavedoneC.needn’thavedoneD.shouldn’thavedone20．(2009·山东期末考)______，hewouldhavebeenfired.A.HadheliedtothebossB.DidhelietothebossC.IfhehasliedtothebossD.Ifheliestotheboss21．(2010·安徽芜湖调研)Oh,whatapity!It______soeasyformetobringthosephotographsIwantedtoshowyou,butI’veleftthemathome.A.wouldhavebeenB.wouldbeC.hadbeenD.was22．(2009·湖南联考)—Didyougotowatchthebaske