高考英语阅读理解专题三—主旨大意题

Don’tgiveupyourwholegardenjustforanattractiverose.一、主旨大意题型特点：主旨大意题要求在理解全文后________________，____________或者是_________，考查考生的归纳总结能力。这类题需要______________，抓住文章的______和_____，同时兼顾________以及文章出现的________。此类试题通常以概括中心、揭示主题、选择标题等形式出现。查找主旨、标题时，我们要学习识别文章中__________________的信息，这种信息应能归纳和概括文中其它信息所具有的______。做主旨大意题时，应采用_______的方式，跳过生僻词，抓住________和_______，快而准地把握文章主旨。【例1】Choosethemostgeneralword.A.ChemistB.PhysicistC.ScientistD.Biologist【例2】Choosethemostgeneralsentence.A.Thehotelofferscomplimentarycoffeefrom7to10.daily.B.TherearemanyreasonswhyguestsfeelathomeattheGloriettaBayInn.C.Thecoin-operatedlaundryroomhasanironingboard.D.ThereareanumberofextraservicesattheGloriettaBayInnincludingbaby-sitting.【例3】Choosethetitlethatbestexpressestheideaoftheparagraph.Thereisasimpleeconomicprincipleusedtodetermineprices.Itiscalledthelawofsupplyanddemand.Supplymeanstheamountof,oraccessto,certaingoods.Demandrepresentsthenumberofpeoplewhowantthosegoods.Iftherearemoregoodsthanwanted,thepriceofthemfalls.Ontheotherhand,ifthedemandforthosegoodsismuchgreaterthanthesupply,thenpricerises.Ofcoursemanufacturersprefertosellmoregoodsatincreasedprices.A.EconomicPrincipleB.LawofSupplyandDemandC.MoreGoods,LowerPricesD.FewerGoods,HigherPrices二、主旨大意题题干形式：1.________________________(mainidea):(1)Themainideaofthepassageis…(2)Thepassageismainlyabout…(3)Thepassageismainlydiscussed…(4)Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?(5)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?2._________________________(title):(6)Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe…(7)Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?三、主题句的特点：1.主题句与文体体裁之间的关系：议论文和说明文一般有主题句，且一般位于______；而记叙文一般没有主题句；2.段落主题句一般位于_____________；3.主题句所表达的意思具有_______和________；句子________单,一般不会采用长句或结构复杂的句子；4.文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步________________________。【例4】Astheymigrate,butterfliesandmothschoosethewindstheywanttoflywith,andtheychangetheirbodypositionsiftheystartfloatinginthewrongdirection.Thisnewfindingsuggeststhatinsectsmayemploysomeofthesamemethodsthatbirdsusefortravelinglongdistances.Scientistshavelongthoughtthatinsectsweresimplyatthemercyofthewind.Fascinatingastheirskillsofflightare,migratingbehaviorhasbeendifficulttostudyininsectsbecausemanylongdistanttripshappenthousandsoffeetaboveground.Onlyrecentlyhavescientistsdevelopedtechnologiesthatcandetectsuchlittlecreaturesatsuchgreatheights.Totheirsurprise,though,theinsectsweren’tpassivetravelersonthewinds.Inautumn,forexample,mostlightwindsblewfromtheeast,buttheinsectssomehowsoughtoutonesthatcarriedthemsouthandtheypositionedthemselvestonavigatedirectlytotheirwinteringhomes.Eveninthespring,whenmostwindsflowednorthward,theinsectsdidn’talwaysgowiththeflow.Ifbreezesweren’tblowingintheexactdirectiontheywantedtogo,theinsectschangedtheirbodypositionstocompensate.Manymigratingbirdsdothesamething.Thestudyalsofound,butterfliesandmothsactivelyflewwithintheairstreamsthatpushedthemalong.Byaddingflightspeedstowindspeeds,thescientistscalculatedthatbutterfliesandmothscantravelasfastas100kilometersanhour.Thefindingsmayhavereal-worldapplications.Withclimatewarming,migratinginsectsaregrowinginnumber.Knowinghowandwhenthesepestsmovecouldhelpwhenfarmersdecidewhentospraytheircrops.1.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Insectsmigratewiththeseasons.B.Windhelpsinsectsgreatlyinmigrating.C.Windsurfinginsectshaverealdirection.D.ScientistshavetroubleinobservinginsectsConclusion:__________________________________________________________【例5】Isuddenlyheardanelephantcryingasthoughfrightened.LookingdownIimmediatelyrecognizedthatsomethingwaswrongandrandowntotheedgeofthenearbank.ThereIsawMaShwewithherthree-month-oldcalfstrugglinginthefast-risingwateranditwasalife-and-deathstruggle.Hercalfwasfloatingandscreamingwithfear.MaShwewasasneartothefarbankasshecouldget,holdingherwholebodyagainsttherushingwaterandkeepingthecalfpressedagainstherhugebody.Everynowandthentherushingwaterwouldsweepthecalfaway.Therewasasuddenriseinthewaterandthecalfwaswashedcleanoverthemother’sbodyandwasgone.MaShweturnedquicklytoreachitandpressedthecalfwithherheadandtrunk(象鼻)againsttherockybank.ThenwithahugeeffortshepickeditupinhertrunkandtrieduntilshewasabletoplaceitonanarrowshelfofrockJustatthismomentshefellbackintotheriver.IfshewerecarrieddownitwouldbecertaindeathIknewaswellasshedid,thattherewasonespot(地点)whereshecouldgetupthebankbutitwasontheothersidefromwhereshehadputhercalfWhileIwaswonderingwhatIcoulddonextIheardthesoundofamother’slove.MaShwehadcrossedtheriverandgotupthebankandwasmakingherwaybackasfastasshecouldroaring(吼叫)allthetime,buttohercalfitwasmusic.2.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AMother’sLoveB.ABraveActC.ADeadlyRiverD.AMatterofLifeandDeathConclusion:__________________________________________________________【例6】Whenstudentsandparentsareaskedtoratesubjectsaccordingtotheirimportance,theartsareunavoidablyatthebottomofthelist.Musicisnice,peopleseemtosay,butnotimportant.Toooftenitisviewedasmereentertainment,butcertainlynotaneducationpriority(优先).Thisviewisshortsighted.Infact,musiceducationisbeneficialandimportantforallstudents.Musictellsuswhowea