Agribiotech-more-heat-than-light

Agribiotech(agribiotechnology农业生物技术):moreheatthanlightAnotheryear,anothercontroversy（争论、辩论）:thatwasthestoryintheperennially（长期）contentious（争论）areaofgeneticallymodified(GM)crops.In2002,arguments（论点、论证）centred（中心的）onDavidQuistandIgnacioChapela’sstudyofMexicanmaize（玉米,玉蜀黍）.Itwassimultaneously（同时地）abitterideological（观念学的、意识形态的）feud（不和、争执）amongbiologistsatasingleUSuniversityandaflashpointbetweentheagribiotechindustryandanti-GMactivistsovertheacceptability（可接受,承认,合意）oftransgeniccrops（转基因植物）inthedevelopingworld—whichisbecomingakeybattleground.Anditillustrated（有图解的,有插图的,有照片的）how,inthisfield,thequestforscientifictruthisconductedinaminefield（地雷区）ofopinion（意见、主张）andaccusations（控告,指控,非难）ofvested既定的;法律规定的interests.ThestorybeganinNovember2001,whenChapela,anassistantprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,andQuist,hispostdoc,publishedapaperinNaturereportingthata“promoter启动子”sequence序列fromtransgeniccropswaspresent（呈现、批露）innativeMexicanmaize,andhadfragmented碎片的,断片的throughoutthegenome染色体组,基因组.Itwasaprovocativefinding令人兴奋的发现,asMexicoistheworld’scentreofgeneticdiversity遗传差异formaize,andoperatesamoratorium延期偿付,延期偿付期oncommercial商业的,商品化的GMplanting.SupportersofGMtechnologypored熟读、专研overthepaper,andsoonargued争论,辩论,证明thatthepair’sresultswereandartifact（人工制品）ofthemolecular（分子的、分子状态的）techniquestheyhadused.QuistandChapeladisagreed,butthefurtherevidencetheyproduced（引长的）failedtoconvince（使信服、使确信）alloftheexperts.andinaprilNaturepublishedtheexchangewithandeditorialnotesayingthat,inhindsight事后的觉悟,theoriginal（起初的，原来的）paper’spublicationwasunjustified.不公正的，无正当理由的Bythistime,pro—andanti—GMwebsiteswerebuzzingwithclaims索赔andcounter抵制，反抗claims,andjournalists新闻记者wererealizingthatmanyofQuistandChapela’sscientificopponents对手，反对者alsohadBerkeleyconnections.Indeed,somecriticshadclashedwithChapelaandQuistoverthepair’soppositiontoBerkeley’scontroversial有争议的，引起争议的dealwithSyngenta,whichgivestheSwiss-basedagribiotechfirm公司，商行，市场privileged享有特权accessto有权使用thefindingsoftheuniversity’splantscientists.Itthenemerged显露thatsomeInternetpostings记录attackingQuistandChapelahadbeenmadefromcomputersatapublic-relationsfirmretained保持，固定，记住byGMgiantMonsantoofStLouis,Missouri.Clearly,thiswasnotsolely唯一地atechnicaldebate.争论，辩论，讨论Thescientificfactsremainunclear.Formonths,ExequielEzcurra,presidentoftheNationalInstituteofEcologyinMexicoCity,hasbeensuggestingthatMexicanscientistshavereplicated复制QuistandChapela’sfindings,buttheresultshaveyettoappearinapeer-reviewed同行评议journal杂志，期刊.Meanwhile,scientistsatCIMMYT（国际玉米小麦改良中心）,theInternationalMaizeandWheatimprovementCenterinTexcoco,Mexico,havedrawnablank一无所获intheirsearchfortransgenicDNAinMexicanmaize.Whyiseveryonesoagitated激动的,表现不安的aboutthealleged被断定的,被说成的;所谓contamination?污染Inpart,theansweristhatdevelopingcountriessuchasMexiconowrepresent代表,表示thefrontlineinthewaroverGMtechnology.Agribiotechcompanieshavelargelysaturated饱和的theNorthAmericanmarket,andfaceableak萧瑟的;无遮蔽的,阴冷的,渗淡的futureinEuropethankstoconsumer消除器,用户,消费者,取食者oppositionandtheimminent迫切的,危急的introductionofstrictlabelingforGMfood.TheconsumersandfarmersofCentralandSouthAmerica,AisaandAfricarepresentthefirms’mainpotential有潜力的,可能的,潜在的forgrowth.Somecompaniesarekeen锐利的,敏锐的,强烈的,厉害的tostress加压力于,着重thebenefitsthatthetechnology.Couldbringtoricefarmers.Forexample.Thisyearsawthepublicationofdrafts草稿oftheentirericegenome整组遗传基因,plusfinishedversions版本,翻译oftwoofits12chromosomes同原染色体,andGMproponents建议者,支持者arefullofideasforhowthecropcouldbeimproved.Amongthemostappealing引起兴趣的,动人的istheprospect展望,远景,勘测oflaunching发射;起飞;下水典礼;开办asecond“GreenRevolution”byradically根本地,完全地overhauling检修,拆修,翻修theefficiencywithwhichricemakessugarsbyphotosynthesis.光合作用Butsuchgoals目标remaindistant.Intheeyesofmanyactivists,GMcropsareprimarilytoolstoadvancetheprofitsofagribiotechfirmsandwresteconomiccontrolofthefoodchainfromsmall-scale小规模farmers.Thishelpstoexplainoneoftheyear’smostperplexing复杂的,令人困惑的developments:thedecisionofseveralsouthernAfricancountries,thoughfacingfamine饥荒,缺乏,饥饿,torejectUSoffersoffoodaidcontaining包含,容纳,含有的,包含的,封闭的GMgrain.Mosthavesincerelented变宽厚,变温和,动怜悯之心,providedthat假如;设若thegrainismilledtopreventplanting.ButasNaturewenttopress,Zambiawasstillholdingout.Elsewhereindevelopingworld,attitudes体态,姿势,态度,意向arediverging.分歧,散发Indiaemerged出现,射出,形成asaGMproponent建议者,支持者inMarchwhenitapproved核准,认可,证实;vbl.核准,认可commercial商业的,商品化的plantingsofcottonengineeredbyMonsantotoproducebacterialinsecticide细菌杀昆虫药.InBrazil,meanwhile,theofficiallineseemssettoswing摇摆,使……旋转,动摇againsttransgenicagricultureafterthevictoryofLuizInacioLuladaSilva,aleft-winger左翼人士,急进分子;(足球等)左锋队员alliedtothecountry’ssmall-scalefarmers,inOctober’spresidentialelection.Lula’sadministration行政,管理,中央政府replacesagovernmentthatapproved经核准,被认可commercial商业的,商品化的plantingofGMsoya大豆,onlytobeblockedbyalegal法律的,法定的,合法的challenge挑战,盘问fromGreenpeaceandalocalconsumergroup.Thecaseisstillawaiting等候,准备……以待resolution.解析度,决心,提案Doubtsremain,however,aboutthedevelopingworld’sabilitytoimplement实现,使……生效,andmonitor监视,监听,监督policesonGMagriculture.Despite虽然,尽管thedefacto事实上;实际上moratorium延期偿付期imposed强加byBra