Peng-to-be-or-not-to-be---副本

•Hamletisatragedy,thelongest,mostdifficultandoftenconsideredthegreatestofShakespeare’s37plays.TobeorNottoBe•Functionsofthesoliloquy:–1)togiveexpressiontoacomplicatedstateofmindandfeelingofacharacter–2)toprovideapointofviewontheeventsoftheplay.•MainIdea:–Thisisaninternalphilosophicaldebateontheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofexistence,andwhetheritisone'srighttoendhisorherownlife.Itpresentsamostlogicalandpowerfulexaminationofthethemeofthemorallegitimacyofsuicideinanunbearablypainfulworld.Question•Whyisthissoliloquysoimportant?WhatqualityofHamlet’sminddoesitreveal?•Whatrhetoricdeviceisusedinthissoliloquy?What’sitseffect?•Whatmakestheactionimpossible?•Whatwillyouchoose—toliveortodie,intheunbearablesituation?Andwhy?Hamlet:Soliloquy戏剧独白ActIII,scene1Soliloquy(monologue):acharacterspeaksaloneonthestagetorevealhisinnerthoughtsThissoliloquyisinblankverse素体诗，asmostofotherElizabethanplaysare.blankverse:unrhymedpoetryiniambicpentameter.Theme:[1]thewholeplay:revenge.[2]thismonologue:death.Hamletheardhisfather’sghosttellinghimthatitwashisunclewhohadmurderedhisfather.Hereheisnotsimplyhesitatingastowhethertotakerevengeornot,butratherheisthinkingaboutwhethertoreformthesocietythroughkillinghisunclethenewkingorjustletitbe.PlotThewholepassagemaybedividedintothreesections:Section1(tillline9):todieisaseasyastosleep.1Tobe,ornottobe-thatisthequestion:“Tobe,ornottobe”hasbecomeaproverbtomeanhesitatingbetween2difficultchoices.Herethephrasehas2levelsofmeanings:■toliveortodie;■totakeactionstoreformthesocietyorletitbe.Tobe=tosuffertheslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfortunenottobe=takearmsagainstaseaoftroublesandbyopposingendthem2Whether'tisnoblerinthemindtosuffer3Theslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfortune=itis弹丸和箭矢[喻]physicalattack凶残的希腊神话中的命运女神slingThisisoneofHamlet’s2choices,whichisnegative.Thenextisapositivechoicewhichhefinallyadopts.4Ortotakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles,5Andbyopposingendthem.Todie-tosleep-6Nomore;many,manyweaponsfightingagainstTodieisaseasyastosleepWhichisanobleraction---totoleratethetorturesinflictedbycruelFateortotakeupweaponstofightandgetridofallthemiseriesinourlife?(Intheendoftheplayhedecidesthatthelatterisnoblerandadoptsitbykillinghisuncle.)getridofTobeornottobe•Tobe,ornottobe:thatisthequestion:Whether'tisnoblerinthemindtosufferTheslings&arrowsofoutrageousfortune,Ortotakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles,Andbyopposingendthem?•生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题；默然忍受命运的暴虐的毒箭，或是挺身反抗人世的无涯的苦难，通过斗争把它们扫清，这两种行为，哪一种更高贵？Dilemmaoftryingtodeterminethemeaningoflifeanddeath:Hamlethereweighsthemoralramifications结果oflivinganddying.Isitnoblertosufferlifepassivelyortoactivelyseektoendone’ssuffering?6Nomore;andbyasleeptosayweend7Theheartache,andthethousandnaturalshocks8Thatfleshisheirto.8'Tisaconsummation9Devoutlytobewish'd.mentalpainsphysicalpainscausedbynaturealllifeformsisborntosufferjustasasoninheritshisfather’smoneydeathis账目总结算Becauseafterdeathoursoulsgouptoheaven虔诚地•Todie:tosleep;Nomore;andbyasleeptosayweendTheheart-acheandthethousandnaturalshocksThatfleshisheirto,'tisaconsummationDevoutlytobewish'd.•死了；睡着了；什么都完了；要是在这一种睡眠之中，我们心头的创痛，以及其他无数血肉之躯所不能避免的打击，都可以从此消失，那正是我们求之不得的结局。Hamletcomparesdeathtosleepandthinksoftheendtosufferingandpain.Basedonthismetaphor,hedecidesthatsuicideisadesirablecourseofaction.But,asthereligiousword“devoutly”signifies,thereismoretothequestion,namely,whatwillhappenintheafterlife.Section2(tillline21)，Hamletraisesthequestion：sincetodieissoeasywhydon’twekillourselvesinsteadoflivinginmiseryandpain?Notetheparallelhere:deathSleep〓lifeafterdeathinHades(bad)dreams〓9Todie-tosleep.10Tosleep,perchancetodream:ay,there'stherub!Theideaisthatwhenwegotosleepweareafraidofbaddreams.SimilarlywhenwecommitsuicideweareafraidoflifeafterdeathinHades.Thenextsentencegoesontoexplainthisbyusingavividmetaphor:perhaps=yesSection2(from9to21):Heasksaquestion:Sincetodieissoeasywhydowepreferamiserablelifetoasimpledeath?障碍11Forinthatsleepofdeathwhatdreamsmaycome12Whenwehaveshuffledoffthismortalcoil,13Mustgiveuspause.主语从句lifeafterdeathgetridoflife;coil:线团时间状语从句Lifeisfulloftwistsandturnslikeastringball.Thustocommitsuicideislikeunravelling拆开theball.tellustostop(谓语部分)•Todie,tosleep;Tosleep:perchancetodream:ay,there'stherub;ForinthatsleepofdeathwhatdreamsmaycomeWhenwehaveshuffledoffthismortalcoil,Mustgiveuspause.•死了；睡着了；睡着了也许还会做梦；嗯，阻碍就在这儿：因为当我们摆脱了这一具朽腐的皮囊以后，在那死的睡眠里，究竟将要做些什么梦，那不能不使我们踌躇顾虑。Hamletimmediatelyrealizestheafterlife,andhereconfigureshismetaphorofsleeptoincludethepossibilityofdreaming;hesaysthatthedreamsthatmaycomeinthesleepofdeatharedaunting令人怯步的,thatthey“mustgiveuspause.”13There’srespect14Thatmakescalamityofsolonglife.disaster顾虑15Forwhowouldbearthewhipsandscornsoftime,16Th'oppressor'swrong,theproudman'scontumely,physicalpainsmentalpains时代n.冤屈辱骂17Thepangsofdespis'dlove,thelaw'sdelay,18Theinsolenceofoffice,剧痛insultallgovernmentofficials18andthespurns19Thatpatientmeritofth'unworthytakes,踢，[喻]侮辱anablepersonuselessguyreceives=fromNormalorder:thespurns/Thatpatientmerittakesof(=from)th’unworthySometimesanablepersonhastopatientlyenduretheinsultsofauselessguy(becausethelatterissuperior