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Classify:pathwayfreedomdarkestplaceunfairlockeverydayriversidenursedisagree合成词(有两个或更多的词合成一个词):转化词(将一种词性转化成另一种词性):派生词(在词根上加上前、后缀构成另外一个词):everydaypathwayriversideunfairdarkestdisagreefreedomlockplacenurse后缀法——名词后缀后缀例子-or/erthinker(思想家)builder(建设者)translator(翻译者)-istphysicist(物理学家)dentist(牙科医生)typist(打字员)-eeemployee(雇员)trainee(受训人员)interviewee(被采访者)-(i)anphysician(内科医生)Italian(意大利人)American(美国人)-eseChinese(中国人)Japanese(日本人)Vietnamese(越南人)-antassistant(助手)contestant(竞争者)servant(仆人)后缀法——名词后缀2)构成表示行为、性质、状态等抽象名词的常用后缀有:-al,-ance,-ence,-(a)ton,-sion,-ics,-ing,-ity,-ment,-ness,-th,-ty,-ure,-ship等。例如:后缀例子-alarrival(到达)refusal(拒绝)survival(幸存)-ance/-enceacceptance(接受)assistance(帮助)dependence(依靠)-tion/-siondiscussion(讨论)preparation(准备)repetition(重复)后缀法——名词后缀后缀例子-icsphysics(物理学)economics(经济学)politics(政治学)-ingbuilding(建筑物)wedding(婚礼)learning(学习,学问)-tyreality(现实)ability(能力)difficulty(困难)-mentargument(争论)settlement(解决)establishment(建立)-nessgreatness(伟大)hardness(硬度)kindness(善良)-thwarmth(温暖)length(长度)growth(成长)-urefailure(失败)pressure(压力)mixture(混合物)-shipfriendship(友谊)leadership(领导)relationship(关系)后缀法——形容词后缀2.构成形容词的常用后缀有:-able,-ible,-al,-ful,-less,-ish,-ive,-ous,-an,-ic,-ly,-ant,-ent,-ary,-en等。例如:后缀例子-able/-iblesuitable(适合的)responsible(负责的)acceptable(可接受的)-alnatural(天然的)national(国家的)personal(个人的)-fulpowerful(强大的)faithful(忠诚的)colorful(多彩的)-lessfearless(无畏的)useless(无用的)helpless(无助的)后缀法——形容词后缀后缀例子-ishselfish(自私的)childish(幼稚的)bookish(书呆子气的)-ivecollective(集体的)decisive(决定性的)native(本国的)-ousfamous(著名的)continuous(连续不断的)delicious(可口的)-ichistoric(有历史意义的)scientific(科学的)electronic(电子的)-lyfriendly(友好的)lively(活泼的)lovely(可爱的)后缀法——形容词后缀后缀例子-(t)ythirsty(口渴的)noisy(喧闹的)healthy(健康的)-ent/-antpleasant(令人愉快的)dependent(依赖的)different(不同的)-arysecondary(次要的)imaginary(想象中的)ordinary(普通的)-engolden(金色的)wooden(木制的)woolen(毛纺的)后缀法——副词后缀3.构成副词的常用后缀有:-ly,-ward,-wise等。例如:后缀例子-lyterribly(可怕地)regularly(定期地)exactly(确切地)-wardeastward(向东方地)homeward(向家去地)westward(向西地)-wiseotherwise(否则)likewise(同样地)clockwise(顺时针方向地)后缀法——动词后缀4.构成动词的常用后缀的有:-ise/ize,-en,-ify等。例如:后缀例子-ise/izerealize(实现)modernize(使现代化)summarize(总结)-enwiden(加宽)strengthen(加强)darken(使变暗)-(i)fyverify(证实)modify(修饰)beautify(美化)表示否定和相反意义的前缀(二)前缀法(Prefixation):这种通过在词根的前面加词缀构成新词的方法叫前缀法。一般情况下,它不改变新词的词性,只引起词义的变化。许多名词、形容词、副词和动词是由词根加后缀构成的。1.常见的表示否定或相反意义的前缀有:un-,dis-,in-,im-,ir-,il-等。例如:前缀例子un-unhappy(不高兴)unlock(开锁)dis-dislike(不喜欢)disagree(不同意)im-impossible(不可能的)improper(不合适的)in-informal(非正式的)incorrect(不正确的)ir-irregular(不规则的)irrelevant(不相关的)il-illegal(不合法的)illogical(不合理的)表示其他意思的前缀2.常见的表示其他意思的前缀有:前缀意义例子re-重新,再次regain(再次获得)reform(改革)mis-错误的misunderstand(误解)mislead(误导)anti-反、防anti-tank(反坦克的)anti-social(危害社会的)ex-前ex-president(前总统)ex-wife(前妻)pre-预先preview(预习)predict(预言、预测)表示其他意思的前缀前缀意义例子post-之后的post-war(战后的)postgraduate(研究生)fore-之前的forecast(预报)foresee(预见)super-超级;上层supermarket(超市)superman(超人)sub-下面的;亚、次subway(地下铁道)subtitle(副标题)inter-之间的,互相interact(相互作用)international(国际的)表示其他意思的前缀前缀意义例子trans-跨越;移transport(运输)translate(翻译)semi-半semi-final(半决赛)semiconductor(半导体)vice-副vice-premier(副总理)vice-chairman(副主席)uni-单uniform(制服)unilateral(单方面的)bi-双bicycle(自行车)bimonthly(双月的)multi-多multinational(多国的)multicolor(多色的)auto-自动,自主automation(自动化)automobile(汽车)合成法——综述二、合成法(CompositionorCompounding)把两个或两个以上的词素放到一起,这种构词法称为合成法。合成词通常由两个或两个以上的自由词素构成不同词性,最常见的包括:名词合成词,形容词合成词,动词合成词。之间有的用连字符连接,有的直接连接在一起。Compoundpain-killer+=+=color-blind+=sleep-walksleep-walker1.合成名词(1)n+nairconditionerbloodpressureincometaxcreditcard(2)adj+ncentralbankfastfood空调血压所得税信用卡中央银行快餐solarsystemremotecontrol(3)v-ing+另一词washingmachinedrivinglicense(4)其他方式by-producteditor-in-chief太阳系遥控洗衣机驾驶执照副产品主编2.合成形容词(1)过去分词或带ed词尾的词构成。absent-mindedgrey-haired(2)动词的ing或另一词构成long-sufferingfar-reaching心不在焉的头发灰白的长期受苦的深远的(影响)3.合成动词及合成副词overeatbaby-sitempty-handed吃得太多看孩子一无所获的合成法——名词合成词构成例子合成名词n.+n.bedroom,sportsman,lifeboat,spaceship,network,weekdayn.+v.-inghandwriting,sightseeing,sunbathing,weightliftingadj.+n.hardware,first-aid,midnight,nobleman,highway,blackboardv.-ing+n.living-room,writing-paper,swimming-pool,hiding-placev.+n.breakfast,crybaby,watchdog,pickpocket,birthcontroln.+v.+-erbook-seller,film-maker,story-teller,peace-lover,housekeeperprep./adv.+n.underground,upside,overcoat,afternoon,income,byproduct其他newcomer,fisherman,editor-in-chief,sister-in-law,take-off合成法——形容词合成词构成例子合成形容词adj.+n.+-edmiddle-aged,cold-blooded,warm-hearted,red-hairedn.+p.p.man-made,snow-covered,heart-broken,deep-seatedn.+a.world-famous,self-confident,ice-cold,watertight,seasickadj.+n.full-time,high-speed,second-hand,first-class,front-pagen./adj./adv.+v.-ingpeace-loving,good-looking,far-reaching,hard-workingadj./adv.+p.p.*well-known,low-paid,well-educated,quick-frozen,dry-cleaned合成法——动词、代词和副词合成词构成例子合成动词n./adj./adv.+v.baby-sit,proof-read,ill-treat,mass-produce,overtake,upliftunderline,overthrow,overeat,undergo合成代词himself,everyone,nobody,something,another合成副词however,maybe,wherever,anywhere,overhead,otherwise转化法(Conversion)tasten.味道v.尝起来Ithasagoodtaste.Ittastesverygood.recordn.记录v.记录LiuXiangBrokethe100mHurdlesWorldRecord.Heliestor
本文标题:英语构词法精讲PPT
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