英语单词象似性English Iconicity及其对单词记忆和教学的重大启示

EnglishIconicity英语中的象似性文字David&[e-mail]:（班得瑞）清晨Iconicity:象似性(Peirce/Haiman/Wittgenstein)1.音象2.形象3.位置象4.功能象近取诸身远取诸物zwsDoyouknowthefollowingwords?adornavenuebaldbeardbellybeltbucklebuoyburstCallousCamelCardiacCatchCaterpillarCelibatechagrinCharyClimbCaptiveConserveConsorthandcuffeareyeeloquentfartgulphugidoljavelinKinlancelordmaremoustachenihilismObeseOcularOglepregnantquenchraceslendertoddlervalleyvalvewaveyawnzigzagzwsAdorn[ə’dɔ:n]Soundslike“adddoor”→decorate.(加门→装饰)zwsAdornAdorn:装饰；装扮Ifsomethingadornsaplaceoranobject,itmakesitlookmorebeautiful.Hiswatercolourdesignsadornawiderangeofbooks.他的水彩设计使许多图书大为生色。Severalmagnificentoilpaintingsadornthewalls.几幅恢宏的油画装点着墙面。zwsAghastAghast:adj.惊呆的；吓呆的Ifyouareaghast,youarefilledwithhorrorandsurprise.David解字：aghast≈a+ghost(鬼，幽灵);所以，aghast≈见到一个鬼→吓呆了。Hiscolleagueswereaghastatthesackings.他的同事们对于这些解雇感到很吃惊。zwsAgonyAgony:（肉体或精神的）极度痛苦，创痛Agonyisgreatphysicalormentalpain.David解字：谐音为“爱过你（小三）”——极度痛苦。Helayinagonyuntilthedoctorarrived.在医生来到之前，他一直非常痛苦地躺在那里。zwsApparition[,æpə’rɪʃən]Apparition:n.（特异景象等的）出现;幽灵,鬼。David解字：appar=appear(出现)；故apparition=（特异景象等的）出现→幽灵,鬼。Hesawtheapparitionofhisdeadwife.他看见了他亡妻的幽灵。zwsAppeaseAppease:vt.平息;安抚;抚慰David解字：pease=peace(和平；安宁)Thegovernmenttriedtoappeasediscontentedworkers.政府试图安抚不满的工人们。zwsArduous[’ɑ:dʒu:əs]Arduous:adj.困难的；艰巨的；费力的Somethingthatisarduousisdifficultandtiring,andinvolvesalotofeffort.David解字：hard(艰难的)－h=ard+uous(形容词后缀)=arduousalong,hotandarduousjourney.一段漫长、炎热而又艰苦的旅程zwsAvenue[’ævinju:]avenuen.林阴道,大街记忆：谐音为“爱吻妞”（洋妞）联想：（洋人）林荫道上爱吻妞。Youcanfindmyhousealongtheavenue.沿着林阴道你能找到我的家。zwsbaldBald:秃头的；秃顶的Someonewhoisbaldhaslittleornohaironthetopoftheirhead.Theman'sbaldheadwasbeadedwithsweat.这个男人的光头上满是汗珠。Sheisgoingbald.她开始谢顶。读音像”ball”(球)zwsBase[beis]Base:卑鄙的；下流的；无耻的Basebehaviourisbehaviourthatisimmoralordishonest.David解字：谐音为“卑死”→卑鄙死了。Lovehasthepowertoovercomethebaseremotions.爱能够战胜邪念。zwsbeardBeard:n.(络腮)胡须He'sdecidedtogrowabeard.他已经决定蓄胡子。两耳之间状如“bd”的毛=beard.earzwsbellyBelly:n.肚子，腹部；（物体的）圆形或凸起部份；vt.&vi.膨胀Shelaidherhandsonherswollenbelly.她把双手放在自己隆起的肚子上。zwsbelt与belly同在zwsbeltBelt:n.腰带；裤带；皮带Abeltisastripofleatherorcloththatyoufastenroundyourwaist.Heworeabeltwithalargebrassbuckle.他系着一条带大铜扣的腰带。zwsblowballBlowballn.蒲公英记忆：blow+ball=吹+球=可随风吹散的球状花”→蒲公英。zwsBriquette[bri’ket]Briquette:n.ablockmadefromcharcoalorcoaldustandburnedasfuel煤饼，煤球1.David解字：briqu=brick=砖块+ette(小)=小砖块一样的东西2.fromFrench,diminutiveofbrique‘brick’.zwsBuckle[’bʌkl]Buckle:n.搭扣，扣环vt.&vi.用搭扣扣紧Abuckleisapieceofmetalorplasticattachedtooneendofabeltorstrap,whichisusedtofastenit.Heworeabeltwithalargebrassbuckle.他系了条带有一个大的（黄）铜搭扣的皮带。读音与“把扣”相似zwsbuoy[’bu:i:,bɔɪ]标biāo：浮标zwsBuoy浮标；航标Abuoyisafloatingobjectthatisusedtoshowshipsandboatswheretheycangoandtowarnthemofdanger.zwsBursar[’bɜ:sə]Bursar:(大学等的)财务主管1.David解字：burs=purse(bag)；sar=sirbursar=管钱袋子的先生2.frombursa'bag,purse'(seebursa).Iworkinbursar'sofficeatColumbia.我在哥伦比亚大学的财务处工作。zwsburstBurst:/b/:是个爆破音，发音时有强烈的爆破声，且中、英文的首字母都是/b/:burst/bào.Burst:vi.爆裂，炸破；使爆炸；爆发Thedriverlostcontrolwhenatyreburst.一个车胎爆了，司机失去了控制。zwsCallousCallous:1.硬结的,起老茧的2.铁石心肠的Acallouspersonoractionisverycruelandshowsnoconcernforotherpeopleortheirfeelings.David解字：Ca在化学里表示“钙”→石头：硬。Heiscallousaboutthesafetyofhisworkers.他对他工人的安全毫不关心。与careless谐音zwsCamel骆驼zwsCardiac[’kɑ:di,æk]心脏的Cardiacmeansrelatingtotheheart.David解字：card=heart(心脏)(两者读音相似）Thekingwassufferingfromcardiacweakness.国王患有心脏病。zwsCatchCatch:接住;抓住Ifyoucatchanobjectthatismovingthroughtheair,youseizeitwithyourhands.Ijumpeduptocatchaballandfellover.我跳起来接球，结果摔了个跟头zwsCaterpillar毛虫：Acaterpillarisasmall,worm-likeanimalthatfeedsonplantsandeventuallydevelopsintoabutterflyormoth.lit.“hairycat”(毛毛猫):身上满身毛，行走状如猫的虫子。Cat+pilar=猫+毛发的包含“hair”的主要字母”air”.zwsCelibate[’seləbɪt]Celibate:(因宗教信仰)禁欲的，独身Someonewhoiscelibatedoesnotmarryorhavesex,becauseoftheirreligiousbeliefs.Ce=self;lib≈liveCe+libate=一个人过=独身I'mcelibateandIliveaveryserenelifestyle.我是一个独身主义者，过着一种非常平静的生活。zwschagrin[ʃə’grɪn]懊恼;窝火;失望Chagrinisafeelingofdisappointment,upset,orannoyance,perhapsbecauseofyourownfailure.Chagrin≈angryMuchtohischagrin,hedidnotwintherace.使他大为懊恼的是他赛跑没获胜。zwsCharyChary:小心的;谨慎的Ifyouarecharyofdoingsomething,youarefairlycautiousaboutdoingit.解释：fromfullofcaretocareful.Char=care(“h”常为哑音，不发音)Becharyofcatchingcold!当心受凉[感冒]！zwsClimbClimb:vt.&vi.爬上，攀登David解字：C（抓住）+limb（四肢）=爬，攀登Theslopeistoosteepforustoclimb.这斜坡太陡，我们爬不上去。zwsCaptiveC:形状如拇指、食指张开时形成的虎口，表示“抓”。Captive:n.战俘，俘虏；adj.被俘的；被监禁的；被关押的C在此发/k/,与“关”（guān）中的/g/为一对可以互换的清、浊辅音。Cat:catch猫的显著特征：爱“抓”。zwsCaptiveAcaptivepersonoranimalisbeingkeptimprisonedorenclosed.Hedescribedthedifficultiesofsurvivingforfourmonthsasacaptive.他描述了被俘4个月里挣扎求生的艰难岁月。zwsConserveConserve:节约;节省Ifyouconserveasupplyofsomething,youuseitcarefullysothatitlastsforalongtime.Hewritesonbothsidesofthesheettoconservepaper.他在纸张的两面都写字以节省用纸。=save保全；保守zwsConsortConsort:来往;厮混;鬼混解字：1.fromcon-‘togetherwith’+sors,sort：‘lot,destiny’.2.Con:共同+sort:种类→同类相聚→结交;厮混