不完全竞争行业最优外资规模研究

不完全竞争行业最优外资规模研究于津平梁琦(南京大学商学院)!本文通过建立内资企业与外资企业相互竞争的博弈模型,对东道国不完全竞争行业的最优外资企业数量和最优外资企业生产份额进行了探讨本文的研究结果表明:对于产品需求弹性较小技术人员的平均产值较高内外资企业生产效率相差较大的行业,较高的外资企业生产比例有利于国民利益在本国技术人员供给增加的情况下,适当增加外资企业的数量有益于本国的经济利益不完全竞争外商直接投资收入分配国民利益F0382AAStudyontheOptimumMNESProductionScaleinImperfectCompetitionIndustriesAbstract:ThispaperexploresboththeoptimumamountandtheoptimumproductionshareofMNES∀inanimperfectcompetitionindustryofthehostcountrythroughconstructingagamemodel,inwhichthecompetitionbetweenhostcountry∀senterprisesandMNESisconsideredTheresultsshowthatintheindustrieswithsmalldemandelasticity,largeaverageproductivityofskilledlabor,andanobviousefficiencygapbetweenhostenterprisesandMNES,theproductionshareofMNESshouldbelargeItalsoshowsthattheoptimalamountofMNESintheindustryincreaseswiththeriseofsupplyofskilledlaborsKeywords:ImperfectCompetition;IncomeDistribution;NationalWelfare;ForeignDirectInvestment,,,,#98#∃%200512:&985∋&∋(,2002;,2001)∃%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(2005),,Borensztein(1998),,Balasubramanyam(1998)46,,,,,;,,GlassSaggi(1999),,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,#99#,,,,,,:,,1产品市场,mnt,,,,,,adibdii,,i(qdi)(ldi)(udi):qdi=adildi=bdiudii=1,2,(,m(1),afjbfjj,,j(qfj)(lfj)(ufj):qfj=afjlfj=bfjufjj=1,2,(,n(2),(Q):Q=)mi=1qdi+)nj=1qfj+)ts=1qos(3),)ts=1qos,P=P(Q),P,P∗(Q)0i(di)j(fj)s(os)(4)~(6):di=P(Q)qdi-wsldi-wuudi(4)fj=P(Q)qfj-wslfj-wuufj(5)os=P(Q)qos-woslos-wouuos(6)#100#∃%200512,wswu();woswou();losuos,,qos=aoslos=bosuos,,aosbos,,,(1)~(6),ijs:dildi=P∗a2dildi+Padi-ws-cdiwu=0(7)fjlfj=P∗a2fjlfj+Pafj-ws-cfjwu=0(8)oslos=P∗a2oslos+Paos-wos-coswou=0(9),cdii,adi/bdi;cfjj,afj/bfj;coss,aos/bos(7)~(9),i(l*di)j(l*fj)s(l*os):l*di=ws+cdiwu-PadiP∗(Q)a2di(10)l*fj=ws+cfjwu-PafjP∗(Q)a2fj(11)l*os=wos+coswou-PaosP∗(Q)a2os(12)(Q*):Q*=)mi=1adil*di+)nj=1afjl*fj+)ts=1aosl*os(13)P*=P(Q*),(10)(11),(+*d)(+*f):+*d=-)mi=1P∗(Q*)a2dil*2di(14)+*f=-)nj=1P∗(Q*)a2fjl*2fj(15)2劳动力市场,,#101#,,,,,,:)mi=1l*di(ws)+)nj=1jl*fj(ws)=Ls(16),jj;Ls(10)(11)(16),(w*s),,,(wu)3国民利益W,:W=,Q*0[P(Q)-P(Q*)]dQ++*d+w*sLs+)mi=1wucdil*di+)nj=1wucfjl*fj(17),,,,adi=afj=aos−a,,,cd−cdi.cfj−cfcfcd,ijL*s,,:Q=Q*=a(Ls+L*s),(17):W=+*d+w*sLs+wu(mcdl*d+ncfl*f)(18)(10)(11)(16),:w*s=aP*+a2LsP∗(Q*)-(mcd+ncf)wum+n(19)(e):#102#∃%200512e−-dQ*/Q*dP*/P*=-P*aP∗(Q*)hLs(20),h,h1P∗(Q*)=-P*/(aehLs),(19),:w*s=aP*1-1eh(m+n)-(mcd+ncf)wum+n(21)(21)(10)(11),,(21)(14)(18):W=-mP∗a2l*2d(n)+w*s(n)Ls+wumcdl*d(n)+wuncfl*f(n)(22),,,,,(W),,1最优外资企业数量及其影响因素(10)(11)(21)(22),(22)n,:Wn=H{(n-m)P*a+ehwu[mn(cd-cf)+m2(cd-cf)+n2cf(-1)]}(23)H=-[aP*+mewu(cd-cf)](aeh)2P∗(m+h)30W/n=0,(n-m)P*a+ehwu[mn(cd-cf)+m2(cd-cf)+n2cf(-1)]=0(24),,,n:n1=!-2!2-4m2(25)n2=!+2!2-4m2(26)#103#!=aP*+mehwu(cd-cf)(1-)ehwucf(27)(25)(26),(23):Wn=-H[ehwu(1-)]-1(n-n1)(n-n2)(28),0/nn1,W/n0;n1nn2,W/n0;nn2,W/n01,,,;,,,,,,,,1,(n*)n2,n*=n2=!+2!2-4m2(29)(29),:n*e=-P*a(1-)e2hwu2+2!2!2-4m0(30)n*(aP*)=1(1-)ehwu12+!2!-4m0(31)n*m=-(1-)cf+n*(cd-cf)(1-)cf2!2-4m0(32)#104#∃%200512n*wu=-P*a(1-)ehw2u2+!2!2-4m0(33)n*[(cd-cf)c-1f]=m1-12+!2!2-4m0(34)n*h=-P*a(1-)eh2wu2+2!2!2-4m0(35):,;,;,;,;,;(h),2合理外资企业生产份额,,n*al*f,n*al*f+mal*d,:z*−n*al*fmal*d+n*al*f=n*l*fml*d+nl*f(36)(10)(11)(21)(36),z*=n*[P*a+ehwum(cd-cf)](m+n*)P*a+ehwumn*(1-)(cd-cf)(37)n*(29),,;,,:,,,,:(1),,,,#105#,(2),,,,(3),,,[1]:∃%[M],,2002[2]:∃000%[J],∃%20015[3]:∃:%[J],∃%20053[4]:∃%[J],∃%20045[5]Aitken,BJ,andHarrisonA(1999),DoesDomesticFirmsBenefitfromDirectForeignInvestment?EvidencefromVenezuela,AmericanEconomicReview,89(3),605~618[6]Balasubramanyam,VN,MohammedASalisu,andDavid,Sapsford(1996),ForeignDirectInvestmentandGrowthinEPandIScountries,EconomicJournal,106,92~105[7]Borenstein,EJ,GregoriaDeandLee,JW(1998),HowDoesForeignInvestmentAffectEconomicGrowth?,JournalofInternationalEconomics,45,115~135[8]Glass,AmyJocelyn,andSaggi,Kamal(1999),FDIPoliciesunderSharedFactorMarkets,JournalofInternationalEconomics,49,309~332[9]Markusen,JamesR(1995),TheBoundariesofMultinationalEnterprisesandtheTheoryofInternationalTrade,JournalofEconomicPerspectives,9,169~189[10]Reis,AnaBalcao(2001),OntheWelfareEffectsofForeignInvestment,JournalofInternationalEconomics,54(2),411~428[11]Xu,Bin,(2000),MultinationalEnterprises,TechnologyDiffusion,andHostCountryProductivityGrowth,JournalofDevelopmentEconomics,62,477~493(责任编辑:朱长虹)#106#∃%200512