(新课标)2016届高考英语二轮复习 攻关篇 专题五 生态环保类课件

专题五生态环保类文体攻略文体特征解题方法生态环保类阅读理解是历年高考命题的热点,该类文章常涉及以下几个方面:1.环境保护。主要包括减少乱排乱放,不能过度开发自然资源,不能破坏生态平衡。2.生态保护。主要包括防止濒危物种灭绝,防止土地沙漠化。3.环保生活方式。主要包括节约能源和降低资源消耗,杜绝浪费,崇尚低碳生活。1.读首句。生态环保类文章段落清楚,先读懂每段的首句以确保清楚文章的主要脉络。2.读题目。读题目来确认每一小题所在的段落。3.回查文章。找到所在段落后细查相关原文来确定答案。此外,解答生态环保类题目时,应重点突破推理判断题。常见类型有以下几种:(1)知识推断题。根据文章中所阐述的细节,运用基础知识进行分析、推敲,从而得出与原文相符的结论。文体攻略文体特征解题方法4.人与自然和谐发展。解决人类发展过程中与自然界的矛盾,维护生态平衡,为人类创造可持续发展的环境。生态环保类说明文和议论文的结构通常是“引入主题—特征分析/论证主题(事例、分析、比较)—结论”。也会出现较多的长难句子。记叙文和夹叙夹议文的主题多数情况下需要我们把握情节的发展和人物的对话,从中得出文章的中心思想和作者的观点态度。(2)逻辑推断题。根据文章所列举的事实、所阐述的观点得出符合原文的结论。(3)对作者态度、倾向的推断题。作者的倾向和感情往往隐含在文章的字里行间,或流露于修饰的词语之中,因此,在推断过程中,应特别注意文中作者的措辞。【典例示范】(2015江苏卷,B篇)IntheUnitedStatesalone,over100millioncell-phonesarethrownawayeachyear.Cell-phonesarepartofagrowingmountainofelectronicwastelikecomputersandpersonaldigitalassistants.Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasawhole.Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver.ASwissstudyreportedthatwhiletheweightofelectronicgoodsrepresentedbypreciousmetalswasrelativelysmallincomparisontototalwaste,theconcentration(含量)ofgoldandotherpreciousmetalswashigherinso-callede-wastethaninnaturallyoccurringminerals.Electronicwastesalsocontainmanypoisonousmetals.Evenwhenthemachinesarerecycledandtheharmfulmetalsremoved,therecyclingprocessofteniscarriedoutinpoorcountries,inpracticallyuncontrolledwayswhichallowmanypoisonoussubstancestoescapeintotheenvironment.Creatingproductsoutofrawmaterialscreatesmuchmorewastematerial,upto100timesmore,thanthematerialcontainedinthefinishedproducts.Consideragainthecell-phone,andimaginetheminesthatproducedthosemetals,thefactoriesneededtomaketheboxandpackaging(包装)itcamein.Manywastesproducedintheproducingprocessareharmfulaswell.TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencynotesthatmostwasteisdangerousinthat“theproduction,distribution,anduseofproducts—aswellasmanagementoftheresultingwaste—allresultingreenhousegasrelease.”Individualscanreducetheircontributionbycreatinglesswasteatthestart—forinstance,buyingreusableproductsandrecycling.Inmanycountriestheconceptofextendedproducerresponsibilityisbeingconsideredorhasbeenputinplaceasanincentive(动机)forreducingwaste.Ifproducersarerequiredtotakebackpackagingtheyusetoselltheirproducts,wouldtheyreducethepackaginginthefirstplace?Governments’incentivetorequireproducerstotakeresponsibilityforthepackagingtheyproduceisusuallybasedonmoney.Why,theyask,shouldcitiesortownsberesponsibleforpayingtodealwiththebubblewrap(气泡垫)thatencasedyourtelevision?Fromthegovernments’pointofview,aprimarygoaloflawsrequiringextendedproducerresponsibilityistotransferboththecostsandthephysicalresponsibilityofwastemanagementfromthegovernmentandtax-payersbacktotheproducers.58.BymentioningtheSwissstudy,theauthorintendstotellusthat.A.theweightofe-goodsisrathersmallB.e-wastedeservestobemadegooduseofC.naturalmineralscontainmorepreciousmetalsD.thepercentageofpreciousmetalsisheavyine-waste59.Theresponsibilityofe-wastetreatmentshouldbeextended.A.fromproducerstogovernmentsB.fromgovernmentstoproducersC.fromindividualstodistributorsD.fromdistributorstogovernments60.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Theincreaseine-waste.B.Thecreationofe-waste.C.Theseriousnessofe-waste.D.Themanagementofe-waste.【文章结构】【语篇导读】本文是说明文。面对越来越多的电子垃圾,应该怎么办?谁来负责?生产商?分销商?政府?还是个人?58.B推理判断题。根据第二段后半部分的陈述可知,这份报告披露:与全部的电子垃圾相比,其中含有的贵重金属比例很低,但仍然比以自然状态存在的矿物中的含量要高。其中隐含的意思是:这些电子垃圾中的贵重金属值得好好利用。因此选B项。【难点分析】ASwissstudyreportedthatwhiletheweightofelectronicgoodsrepresentedbypreciousmetalswasrelativelysmallincomparisontototalwaste,theconcentration(含量)ofgoldandotherpreciousmetalswashigherinso-callede-wastethaninnaturallyoccurringminerals.瑞士进行的一次调查报道,由珍贵金属代表的电子产品的重量,与所有的垃圾比较起来,相对很小,但其中的金和其他贵重金属的含量在所谓的电子垃圾中比自然的矿物质中要高。whiletheweightof...tototalwaste是宾语从句中的让步状语从句,while意为“虽然……”。宾语从句中的主句是theconcentrationof...minerals。59.B细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“totransferboththecostsandthephysicalresponsibility...fromthegovernment...totheproducers.”可知,这种责任应该由政府延伸到生产商。因此选B项。60.D主旨大意题。通读全文可知,面对越来越多的电子垃圾,主要的问题是:由谁来做些什么。也就是如何管理(manage),因此选D项。ABA(2015浙江卷,C篇)Ifhumansweretrulyathomeunderthelightofthemoonandstars,wewouldgoindarknesshappily,themidnightworldasvisibletousasitistothevastnumberofnocturnal(夜间活动的)speciesonthisplanet.Instead,wearediurnalcreatures,witheyesadaptedtolivinginthesun’slight.Thisisabasicevolutionaryfact,eventhoughmostofusdon’tthinkofourselvesasdiurnalbeings.Yetit’stheonlywaytoexplainwhatwe’vedonetothenight:We’veengineeredittoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight.ABThebenefitsofthiskindofengineeringcomewithconsequences—calledlightpollution—whoseeffectsscientistsareonlynowbeginningtostudy.Lightpollutionislargelytheresultofbadlightingdesign,whichallowsartificiallighttoshineoutwardandupwardintothesky.Ill-designedlightingwashesoutthedarknessofnightandcompletelychangesthelightlevels—andlightrhythms—towhichmanyformsoflife,includingourselves,haveadapted.Whereverhumanlightspillsintothenaturalworld,someaspectoflifeisaffected.Inmostcitiestheskylooksasthoughithasbeenemptiedofstars,leavingbehindavacanthaze(霾)thatmirrorsourfearofthedark.We’vegrowns