老年人认知功能可塑性

©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(,400715):,,,,:;;;:B848.5:A:1003-5184(2004)01-0054-05,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,?1:,,(1)2060,,,(Cattell,1965)(Horn,1976),,,(Crystallizedintelligence),,;(Fluidintelligence),,,,,,:,:,;,,,(23),,,,,,;,2489PSYCHOLOGICALEXPLORATION20041X,!©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[1]1(Kaplan,1947)23,G,,,(),,(),,,,22060,,,,2.1,?(WHO):(6074)(7589)(9099)(100)60,:,,??,?551©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(1011,100010000),1984,2183,[2]15(555):[3],,,,(Plasticity)Coleman(1986);Cotman(1988),,,,,,,,,[4]2.3??,1977(Botwinick),:,,;,,,;[5]Cornelius(1984),Botwinick(Denny1982)[6],(Cattell&Cat2tell,1963),,Jensen(1982):,[7],,,,??,2.4?1982(BaltesandWillis),:,(6080),[8](Denney)652004©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:()[9][10],:,,3,,,,,,,,:3.1,,,,,,3.2,,:,;,,;,(),:3.3,,,,?,,3.4:,,,[11],(1982,1985):,(),:,;,Baltes,:60[12],,,,[13]:,,,,,,[1].[M].:,2002.608.[2]D.[N].:,1984-3-4.[3][10].[M].:,1996.80-81.[4].[M].:,1994.52.751©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[5][9].[M].:,1996.44,265.[6].[M].:,1986.128-130.[7]RJSternberg.IQ[M].:,2000.302.[8]BaltesPB,BaltesMM.Successfulaging:perspectivesfromthebehavioralscience[M].NewYork:CanbridgeUniversityPress,1982.1-34.[11],.[J].,2003,(1):127.[12]BaltesPB.Ontheincompletearchitechtureofhumanontogeny:selection,optimization,andcompensationasfoundationofdevelopmentaltheory[J].AmericanPsy2chologist,1997,(52):366-380.[13][N].:,2003-3-10.TheDeclinationandDevelopmentoftheModernAgedsIntelligenceQuestionsAbouttheHeoryofCrystallizedandFluidIntelligenceofRBCattellMaJuan(instituteofeducationalscience,SouthwestNormalUniversity,Chongqing400715)Abstract:AftercomparedthetraditionalperspectivesofintelligencedevelopmentofthemodernagedwithR.B.Cattells,thisarticle,whichisbasedonthenewresearchresultsaboutmodernneurophysiologyandthenewinformationaboutintelligencetest,questionsthetheoryofcrystallizedandfluidintelligenceofR.B.Cattellfromfouraspect,thentriestointerpretthedialecticrelationbetweenintelligencesdeclinationanddevelopmentofthemodernaged,andprovidessurportsforthedevelopmentofthemodernagedintelli2gence.Keywords:intelligenceoftheaged;crystallizedandfluidintelligence;declination;development(49)[3]CatramboneR.Theeffectsoflabelsinexampleonprob2lemsolvingtransfer[A].InARam,KEiselt(Eds.),ProceedingsoftheSixteenthAnnualConferenceoftheCognitiveScienceSociety[C].Hillsdale,NJ:Erlbaum,1994.159-164.[4]CatramboneR.Aidingsubgoallearning:Effectsontransfer[J].JournalofEducationalPsychology,1995,87:5-17.[5]CatramboneR.Effectsofbackgroundonsubgoallearning[A].InJDMoore,JFLehman(Eds.),ProceedingsoftheSeventeenthAnnualConferenceoftheCognitiveSci2enceSociety[C].Hillsdale,NJ:Erlbaum,1995.259-264.[6]CatramboneR.Generalizingsolutionprocedureslearnedfromexamples[J].JournalofExperimentalPsychology:Learning,Memory,andCognition,1996,22:1020-1031.[7]CatramboneR.Thesubgoallearningmodel:Creatingbetterexamplessothatstudentscansolvenovelproblems[J].JournalofExperimentalPsychology:General,1998,127:355-376.[8].[D].,2002.6.[9],.[J].,2001,33(5):416-424.EffectofGeneralizationofWorked-outExampleonAccessandUseofPrincipleXingQiang(DepartmentofPsychology,GuangzhouUniversity,Guangzhou510405)Abstract:Usingtheprobabilityprincipleproblemsasthematerials,twoexperimentshadbeendonetoexaminetheeffectofgeneral2izationofworked-outexamplesontheaccessanduseofprinciple.Exp.1probedintotheeffectofdifferentgeneralizationofsubgoallabelsontheprincipleaccess.Exp.2probedintotheeffectofdifferentgeneralizationofsubgoallabelsontheprincipleuse.Thefind2ingsshowedthatitwasthegeneralizationofsubgoallabelshadsomeimportanteffectonprincipleaccessanduse.Itwasthedifferentgeneralizationofworked-outexamplesthatmakelearneracquireddifferentgeneralizationalschema.Keywords:label;degreeofgeneralization;principlelearning852004