非谓语动词---动词不定式

1.定义：在句子中充当谓语以外句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有三种形式：不定式，动名词和分词。动词不定式:1.基本形式：to+动词原形否定形式：not+（to+）动词原形2.动词不定式的句法功能（1）做主语Tomasteralanguageisdifficult.Tofinishthehomeworkinanhourisimpossible.注意：动词不定式做主语时，常用it做形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其常见的结构为：It+be+adj./n.+（for/ofsb)todosth.例如：1.Itisdifficult(forus)tospeakJapanese.在kind，good，nice，clever等形容人的品质时，不用for，而用of.练习题:1.Ittookmetwoweeks___readingthenovelswrittenbyGuojingming.A.finishB.tofinishC.finishesD.finishing答案：B2.-Theysaidsorrytome,butIwouldn'tlisten.-Itisfoolishofyou___othersfortheirmistakes.A.forgiveB.notforgiveC.toforgiveD.nottoforgive答案：D(2)作表语：不定式可以用在连系动词之后做表语Myworkistocleantheroomeveyday.(3)作宾语：很多动词后可以跟不定式作宾语，如：want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect,wouldlike等.例如：wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening？Iwanttogoabroad.造句：我决定买个新电脑.Idecidetobuyanewcomputer.练习题：Ihope___agoodjobafterIgraduate___school.A.tofind;fromB.finding;fromC.tofind;atD.finding;at答案：A在find，think，make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语动词不定式放在句末。构成“主语+动词+it（形式宾语）+宾补（形容词/名词）+不定式•Ithinkitdifficulttogetalongwithher.•练习题：1.Thetextisverylongandhefoundit__insuchashorttime.A.easytolearnB.difficulttolearnC.difficultlearningD.diffiultlearn答案：B2.Wethinkitawasteoftimeandmoney___withthesubject.A.goingonB.goesonC.togoonD.togiveup答案：C4.作宾补：后面能跟带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：tell，ask,allow,want,wish,wouldlike,invite,encourage等例句：Iwillaskhimtogowithme我打算请他和我一起去。在使役动词let，have，make和感官动词feel，listentohear,see,watch,notice,lookat等后面不带to的不定式作宾补。但变为被动语态时，必须加上。例句：1.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.2.Don'tlethimgooutaloneatnight.Heisyoungandwillbefrightened.使用口诀：一感：feel二听：hear，listento•三使：let，make，have•四看：see，watch，notice，lookat•半帮助：help感使动词真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪，主动句中它走开。被动句中它回来。练习题：1.Itistimeforsports.Let's___bowling,shallwe?A.goB.togoC.goingD.goes答案：A2.whatistheuseofthisfuel?Itcanmakethetrain___fast.A.togoB.goingC.wentD.go答案：D3.Theboymadethegirlcryyesterday被动句：Thegirlwasmadetocrybytheboyyesterda区别：我们常见的动词有see，watch，notice等，接不带to的不定式作宾语，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作，接现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行。Iheardhimsingingintheclassroom.Ioftenseeherrunontheplayground.5.作定语：不定式作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，与被修饰的词是逻辑上的动宾关系。如果是不及物动词，且与被修饰的词有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。Haveyougotanythingtosay？你有什么要说的吗？Heislookingforaroomtolivein.他正在找一个房间来住。练习题：1.waterparkisagoodplace___A.tohavefunB.havefunC.havingfunD.tohaveafun答案：A2.Sheisanicegirl___A.toworkB.workwithC.toworkwithD.work答案：C(6)作壮语：不定式做壮语，其逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致，表示目的，结果，原因等。•IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.(表目的）•I'msorrytotroubleyou.（表示原因）（7）几种特殊的动词不定式：特殊疑问词+动词不定式常见的一些不带to的动词不定式：whynotdo.......hadbetter(not)do.....wouldrather.do...wouldyoupleasedo......有些短语如:lookforwardtodoing(期盼，期望）beusedtodoingsth（习惯，适应）payattentiontodoing（注意）......•makeacontributionto(为...做贡献）•这些短语中的to是介词，而不是不定式符号练习题：1.willyouplease____theflowers？sorry,Iwon't.(淄博2012）A.pickB.don'tpickC.nottopickD.notpick答案：D2.—Whynot____theMusicClub?—Sorry,Ican’tsingordance.A.tojoinB.joinC.joiningD.joinin答案：B1.Ifeelabithungrynow.whynot__fordinnerwithus?A.goB.goingC.togoD.nottogo2.IsawLiming___neartheriveronmywayhome.A.playsB.playingC.toplayD.palyed3.wecanmakeafire___theroomwarmsothatwecanchatforawhile.A.tokeepB.keepingC.keepD.kept4.wouldyoulike___orshallwegobybus?Iprefer__,butwehavetotakeataxi,fortimeisshort.A.walking;towalkB.towalk;walkingC.walk;towalkD.walk;walk5.mymotheralwaysmakesme__tobedbefore11:00pmbecauseit'sgoodformywealth.A.togoB.goingC.toholdD.go6.Fatheroftentellsme__toomuchtimeoncomputergamesA.don'tspendB.notspendC.nottospendD.notspending7.Theywouldrather___colourslikeorangeoryellowthanblueorwhite.A.useB.touseC.usingD.uses.答案：ABABDCA