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1初中英语时态讲解初中阶段,要求学生掌握动词六种时态的基本结构(一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时和一般将来时态)及它们的主要用法和区别。了解过去将来、过去完成时态的基本用法,解题时注意找出关键词,正确判断出时态,按时态结构正确变化动词。注意句子时态的一致性,注意对特殊时态的处理。1、一般现在时。一般现在时通常表示目前阶段经常发生的动作或存在的状态。通常用“usually,often,everyday,sometimes”。结构:1)be动词。有一顺口溜:我用am,你用are,is用于他,她,它,单数is,复数are.肯定式:主语+am/is/are+其他否定式:主语+am/is/are+not+其他疑问式:Am/Is/Are+主语+其他?简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+am/is/are(否)No,主语+am/is/arenot2)行为动词(实义动词)除主语是第三人称单数外,都用动词原形,主语是第三人称单数时,在动词词尾加-s或-es。“动词第三人称单数”的加法即“如何从动词原形变为第三人称单数”1、一般情况加s.2、以o,s,x,ch,sh结尾加es.3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾改y为i+es肯定式:主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数否定式:主语+助动词don't/doesn't+动词原形+其他疑问式:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+do/does(否)No,主语+do/doesnot缩写形式:don't==donotdoesn't==doesnot注意:have的第三人称单数为has用法:1.表示事实,现状,性质或经常的,习惯的动作,常与often,usually,always,sometimes,today,everyday,onceaweek,everyfiveminutes,onSundays等时间状语连用,eg.Hehasabrother.2.表示普遍真理.eg.Theearthgoesroundthesun.3.表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作.eg.Herecomesthetrain.4.在时间和条件状语从句中代表一般将来时.eg.I'llgowithyouifyouarefreetomorrow.一般现在时用法专练:一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.3.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?二、改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上)1.IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?__________________2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?__________________3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass.__________________24.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish.__________________5.Shedon’tdoherhomeworkonSundays._________________2、现在进行时。通常用“now/look/listen”.1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2.现在进行时的结构:.肯定句:主语+be(is,am,are)+动词现在分词-ingeg:Iam(not)doingmyhomework.You/We/Theyare(not)reading.否定句:主语+be(is,am,are)+not+动词现在分词-ing一般疑问句:Is(Are)+主语+动词现在分词-ing?特殊疑问:疑问词+be+主语+动词ing?3.动词加ing的变化规则1)一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking2)以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making,taste-tasting3)如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running,stop-stopping,swim—swimming4.现在进行时专项练习:用所给的动词的正确形式填空:1.Theboy__________________(draw)apicturenow.2.Listen.Somegirls_______________(sing)intheclassroom.3.Mymother_________________(cook)somenicefoodnow.4.What_____you______(do)now?5.Look.They_______________(have)anEnglishlesson.6.______Helen____________(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.3、一般过去时态一般过去时通常用“amomentago,justnow,yesterday,last…”等。1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:⑴am和is在一般过去时中变为was。(wasnot=wasn’t)⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(werenot=weren’t)⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3.行为动词的一般过去时变化肯定句(Positive)动词过去式Iwentshoppinglastnight.否定句(Negative)didn’t+动词原形Ididn’tgoshoppinglastnight.一般疑问句(Yes/No)Did…+动词原形…?Didyougoshoppinglastnight?3特殊疑问句(wh-)Whatdid…+动词原形…?Whatdidyoudolastnight?4.动词过去式的变化:规则动词的变化:一般动词+edplanted,watered,climbed以不发音的e结尾+dliked辅音字母加y结尾-y+iedstudy—studied,cry-cried重读闭音节单词,末尾只有一个辅音字母双写最后一个字母+edstop–stoppedplan-planned不规则动词的变化:原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式sweepsweptteachtaughthavehadgowentkeepkeptthinkthoughtdodidfindfoundsleepsleptbuyboughteatatesaysaidfeelfeltdrinkdrankis/amwastaketookreadreadgivegaveareweremeanmeantputputsingsangdrivedrovemeetmetcutcutbeginbeganspeakspokemakemadeletletringrangwritewroteseesawflyflewrunranriderodecomecamedrawdrewsitsathearheardtelltoldgrowgrewlearnlearned/learntgetgotknowknew5.特殊疑问句:⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如:WhatdidJimdoyesterday?⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?如:Whowenttohomeyesterday?过去时练习:一、用be动词的适当形式填空1.I_______atschooljustnow.2.He________atthecamplastweek.3.We________studentstwoyearsago.4.They________onthefarmamomentago.5.YangLing________elevenyearsoldlastyear.6.It______Ben’sbirthdaylastFriday.二、用行为动词的适当形式填空1.He_________(live)inWuxitwoyearsago.2.Thecat________(eat)abirdlastnight.3.We_______(have)apartylastHalloween.4.Nancy________(pick)uporangesonthefarmlastweek.5.I________(make)amodelshipwithMikeyesterday.6.He_______footballnow,butthey_______basketballjustnow.(play)7._______they________(sweep)theflooronSunday?No,they_____.三、中译英41.格林先生去年住在中国。2.昨天我们参观了农场。4.过去进行时:肯定句:主语+助动词be(was,were)+动词现在分词-ing+其它否定句:主语+助动词be(was,were)+not+动词现在分词-ing+其它一般疑问句:Was(Were)+主语+动词现在分词-ing+其它?特殊疑问句:疑问词+was(were)+动词现在分词-ing+其它?用法:1、表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作,往往有表示过去的时间状语then,atthattime,thistimeyesterday等,或与过去发生的某事同时发生的动作(即与when,while引出的时间状语从句连用)。例:Theyweretalkingaboutafilmatsixyesterdayevening.昨晚6点他们正在谈论一部电影。Whatwereyoudoingatthistimelastweek?上周的这个时候你在干什么?Whentheteachercamein,theyweretalking.老师进来时,他们在讲话。2、表示在过去某一段时间内进行的动作。例:Theywereswimmingfromtwotothreeyesterdayafternoon.ShewaswatchingTVthewholemorning.3、表示过去将要发生的动作。例:HesaidhewasleavingonTuesday.他说他周二动身。Tomsaidhewasgoingtomorrow.汤姆说他明天去。过去进行时练习题:一、动词填空。1.John_______(work)alldayyesterday.2.—What______you_______(do)atteno'clockyesterday﹖—I_______(studay)inclass.3.WhenHarry_______(have)breakfastLily_______(telephone)him.4.WhenI________(go)toschoolthismorningI______(see)acarrunningintoabus.6.ThistimeyesterdayJack______(mend)hisbike.7.I______(write)aletterattenlastnight.8.Itwassix.TheGreens______(have)supper.9.Whenyou______(knock)atthedooryesterday,I______(do)somewashing.10.Whilemymother______(watch)TV,I______(make)akite.4、一般将来时概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow,nextd
本文标题:初中英语时态讲解
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