课件三(courseware 3)： 英汉语差异

英汉语差异李春江LanguageFamilyEnglishGermanicbranchoftheIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilyChineseSino-TibetanlanguagefamilyBorrowedWordsEnglishLatin:pen,pencilFrench:sir,feastGreek:comedyArabic:coffeePersian:bazaarChinese:tea,chop-suey,chowmein,kowtow,toufuChinese逻辑、的士、芭蕾舞、沙龙、休克词义宽窄sistercousinmarry事情(thing,matteraffair,business)搭配takeoffglassestakeoffovercoatrideahorserideonaplanehaveacupofteahaveacigarettehavedinner参加革命参加会议参加劳动参加意见看电视看黑板看电影看地图碰到困难碰到生词碰到风暴碰到机会抓紧施肥graspmanurepaycloseattentiontoorattendtothequestionofmanure取得成就makeachievements(haveorattain)学习知识learnknowledge(acquireorattain)把中国建设成为buildChinainto(turnortransform)犯个人主义的错误makemistakesofindividualism(mistakesofsuccumbingtoindividualism)我们有过这样的经验Wehadtheexperiencethat(Itwasourexperiencethat)争取运动成绩与精神文明双丰收ForagoodharvestbothinsportsandmoralsLongmanDictionary:“standardsofbehavrior,esp.inmattersofsex”Forbetter(atheletic)recordsandsportsmanship.男孩子到底是男孩子。Boyswillbeboys.啊，你到底来了。Hereyouareatlast!我们的事业从胜利走向新的胜利。Ourcausehaswonvictoriesoneafteranother.Wehavewononevictoryafteranotherforourcause.Aseriesofvictorieshavebeenwonforourcause.汉字在历史上有过不可磨灭的功绩。Chinesecharactershavemadeindeliblecontributionsinhistory.ThesystemofChinesecharactershasplayedaninvaluableroleinourhistory.宗教不得干预政治。Religionmustnotinterferewithpolitics.Itisimpermissibletointerferewithpoliticsinthenameofreligion.修饰词胜利召开successfullyconvened严肃处理、热烈拥护、认真贯彻、彻底粉碎、深入批判不切实际的幻想、毫无根据的诽谤进一步简化手续，及时地积极地从国外引进，并且认真组织科学技术人员和广大职工做好消化和推广工作。Weshouldfurthersimplifyproceduresandtakepromptandvigorousactiontoimporturgentlyneededtechnology…earnestlyorganizescientists,techniciansandthemassofworkerstoassimilateandpopularizeimportedtechnology.Weshould(further)simplifyproceduresandtakeprompt(andvigorous)actiontoimporturgentlyneededtechnology…(earnestly)organizescientists,techniciansand(themassof)workerstoassimilateandpopularizeimportedtechnology.Structure汉语有无主句修饰语只能放在前面习惯用短句定语较短没有表语英语没有语序灵活（修饰语即可在前，亦可在后）复合句或长句多定语多且长有表语词序fleshandbloodrichandpooroldandnewheavyandlighttrackandfieldlandandwaterrightandleftCulturalandlexicalmeaningLexicalmeaning:thebasicmeaningoftheword,especiallywhenitcomesintothelanguageoriginally.Culturalmeaning:themeaningofthewordconnectedwithaspecificcivilizationofthestateofculturaldevelopmentofaparticularpeople.REDthecoloroffreshbloodoritslikehighpoliticalconsciousnessoftheproletariatDifferentCustomsandThinkingdogYouluckydog.leadadog’slifeEverydoghashisday.狗狗屁狗屁不通狗腿子狗崽子wearone’sSundaysuitthelandflowingwithmilkandhoney15%offstudentdriverchoicematerialridethehighhorseanotherpairofshoesMayIknowyourname?laughone’sheadoff(splittingone’ssides)likeadrownedratPhraseologyAwhiteelephantanewbroomsweepscleantitfortatanearlybirdbebornwithasilverspooninthemouthtofishintheairMindyourp’sandq’sColloquialandformallookinto(investigate)spread(disseminate)giveup(abandon)putout(extinguish)天气寒冷，河水都结冰了。理论必须密切联系实际，这是我们应当牢记的一条原则。他在战斗中表现突出，受到连长的表扬。年满十八岁的公民，都有选举权和被选举权。当时，友谊商店只对外宾开放，不对中宾开放。天气寒冷，河水都结冰了。Itwassocoldthattheriverfroze.理论必须密切联系实际，这是我们应当牢记的一条原则。Thattheorymustgohandinhandwithpracticeisaprincipleweshouldalwayskeepinmind.他在战斗中表现突出，受到连长的表扬。Hewascommendedbythecompanycommanderforhisdistinguishedperformanceinthebattle.年满十八岁的公民，都有选举权和被选举权。Allcitizenswhohavereachedtheageofeighteenhavetherighttovoteandtostandforelection.当时，友谊商店只对外宾开放，不对中宾开放。Atthetimethefriendshipstorewasexclusivelyopentoforeignvisitors.她对自己所取得的成就充满了自豪，这也不是没有道理的。这家小工厂经过技术改造，发展很快，使人感到惊讶不已。只要看一眼这封信，你就会明白你上当了。看门人惊呆了，喘着粗气，摇摇晃晃地走下楼梯。还是热，心里可镇定多了。凉风，即使是一点点，给了人们许多希望。她对自己所取得的成就充满了自豪，这也不是没有道理的。Sheisjustifiablyproudofherachievements.这家小工厂经过技术改造，发展很快，使人感到惊讶不已。Thissmallfactoryunderwentatechnologicalrenovation,thusdevelopingwithsurprisingspeed.只要看一眼这封信，你就会明白你上当了。Aglanceatthisletterwillconvinceyouthatyouhavebeentakenin.看门人惊呆了，喘着粗气，摇摇晃晃地走下楼梯。Thejanitorstaggereddownthestairway,stunnedandgasping.还是热，心里可镇定多了。凉风，即使是一点点，给了人们许多希望。Itwasstillhotbuteveryonefeltmuchbetter,forthebreeze,thoughslight,broughtthemhope.Thereisnomonthinthewholeyear,inwhichnaturewearsamorebeautifulappearancethaninthemonthofAugust!Inthoseyears,Doriscouldhavemadesomethingofherselfifshehadbeenaboy.Itistheelectroniccomputerstheimportanceofwhichcan’tbeoverestimatedthatcometothehelpofhumanbrain,thusopeningupboundlesspossibilities.SurroundedbywildflyingsprayanddeafenedbytheroaroftheFalls,touristscomefacetofacewithoneofnature’sgreatextravagances.ItwasakeendisappointmentwhenIhadtopostponethevisitwhichIhadintendedtopaytoChinainJanuary.Iwasnotonetoletmyheartrulemyhead.Hewasapatriotic,adventurousandromanticwriter.Arroganceandcomplacenceturnedouttobehisruin.Thebigcourtyardisfullofvehicles,yellowwithdirt,mendedandpatched,raisingtheirshaftstotheskyliketwoarms,orperhapswiththeirnosesinthegroundandtheirbacksintheair.Emma,handsome,clever,andrich,withacomfortablehomeandhappydisposition,seemedtounitesomeofthebestblessingsofexistence.