高中英语定语从句讲解详版(复习版)

修饰名词和代词的成分定语:abeautifulfloweratallboy定语从句：修饰名词和代词的从句ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.定语从句thebestfilm先行词that关系词1．定语从句：2．先行词：3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词通常有下列三个作用：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose等；关系副词有when,where,why等。A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。ThisisthefilmwhichIsawyesterday.ThisisthefilmwhosenameisTitanic.ThemanandthewomanwhomyouseeinthepictureareJackandLucy.Herearetwopicturesthataretakenfromthefilm.JackandLucyaretheheroandtheheroinewholovedeachotherverymuchinthefilm.ThisisthefilmwhichIsawlastnight.ThisisthefilmwhosenameisTitanic.ThemanandthewomanwhomyouseeinthepictureareJackandLucy.Herearetwopicturesthataretakenfromthefilm.JackandLucyaretheheroandtheheroinewholovedeachotherverymuchinthefilm.theAttributiveClausewho指hero和heroine，作主语whom指man和woman，作宾语whose指电影的，作定语that指图片，作主语which指电影，作宾语Relativepron:（引导定语从句，并在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语）主:who/that宾:whom/who/that定:whoseB:指物主:which/that宾:which/that定:whoseA:指人:关系代词:1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher.和我谈话的那个人，是我的老师。2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Theman(whom/who)InoddedtoisMr.Li.我对他点头的那个男人是李先生。3.which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.Thisrecorder（which）heisusingismadeinJapan.这些是去年种植的树。这个他正在使用的录音机是日本产的。4.that指人/物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.Heistheman(that/who/whom)Itoldyouabout.5.whose在定从中作定语，表所属关系，翻译为“他的/她的/它的”，用来代替his，her，their，its.whose指人也指物，指物时=ofwhich指人时=ofwhomThisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.Thisisthebookthecoverofwhichisblue.DoyouknowthegirlwhosefatherdiedinIraq.DoyouknowthegirlofwhomthefatherdiedinIraq.DoyouknowthegirlthefatherofwhomdiedinIraq.如何选择关系代词?who,whom,whose,which,that口诀:前看先行词,辩清人或物后看从句里,有无主宾语用适当的关系代词填空：1.Thisisthehouse__________wasbuiltlastyear2.Theboy_______________wesawyesterdaywasJohn’sbrother.3.Thecar__________myunclehadjustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake.4.Thatistheman____________wewerelookingfor.which/that(whom/that/who)(which/that)(whom/that)选择关系代词时要注意的地方：“5+3”P101只用that不用which的8种规则1.Weshoulddoeverything_________isgoodforourstudies.2.Youcantakeanyseat__________isfree.3.Thisistheonlything_________wecando.4.Theisthefirstplace________Iwanttovisit.5.Thisisthemostinterestingbook_________Ihaveeverread.6.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersons__________wewereinterestedin.7.Thereislittle______Icandotomakeupforthelosttime.8.Ourschoolisnolongertheplace________itusedtobe.thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat1.Thisisthetrainby_______wewenttoBeijing.2.Football,_______isaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.whichwhich只用which不用that的情况指物，1.介词后。2.用于非限制定语从句中1.who指____,作_________（成分）2.whom指____,作_________（成分）3.which指____，作_________（成分）4.that指_____，作_________（成分）5.whose作_____（成分），表____关系，翻译为____________，用来代替________.whose指人也指物，指物时=_______指人时=________人主、宾人宾主、宾主、宾物人、物定语所属“他的/她的/它的”，his，her，their，itsofwhichofwhomGrammarPreposition+whichPreposition+whom提醒:介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择.介词+关系代词3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系That’sthenewspaperforwhichIwritearticles.2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI’mnotsure.注意：介词+关系代词中关系代词只能用which或whom;不可用that或who代替.但遇固定词组时，介词一般不作前置Isthisthebook(which/that)youarelookingfor?Fillintheblankswith“prep.+which/whom”:1.Areyouinterestedinanysongs_________you’velistened.2.Tomorrowisaparticularday_________hisdaughterwillgetmarried.3.Thisistheknife_________Iusuallycutbread.4.Wecan’tlivewithoutthesun_________wegetheatandlight.5.Thesubject_________Ericisinterestedisphysics.towhichonwhichwithwhichfromwhichinwhich6.Doyouknowthegirl__________ourheadteacherisshakinghands?7.Ican’tfindmydictionary_________Ipaidover$100.8.Thisisthegoodcar_________Ispentallmymoney.9.Sheistheteacher_____________allhisstudentsshowrespect.10.Theteacher_________youhavebeenwaitingiscominginaminute.withwhomforwhichonwhichto/forwhomforwhomRelativeadverbsWhen,where,whyTheusageoftherelativeadverb关系副词指代所充当的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereason状语状语状语When相当于“介词+关系代词（which）I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.onwhich(=ontheday)=先行词是时间时，并非都用when引导从句来修饰，试比较：☆Doyoustillrememberthedays_________therewasnoelectricity?☆Doyoustillrememberthedays____________wespenttogether?when(which/that)从句中缺少时间状语从句中缺少宾语vt.“when”or“which”?1.Istillrememberthedays________westayedtogetherinBeijing.2.Istillrememberthedays________wespenttogetherinBeijing.3.Istillrememberthedays________weenjoyedourselvesinBeijing.4.Istillrememberthedays________weenjoyedinBeijing.whenwhichwhenwhichwhere在从句中作地点状语，先行词通常是表示地点的名词。相当于介词+whichThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.inwhich(=inthehouse)=先行词是地点时，并非都用where引导从句来修饰，试比较：Theplace________Lucyonceworkedhasbecomeamuseum.Theplace______________IvisitedlastweekisinShangHai.where(which/that)从句中缺少地点状语从句中缺少宾语vt.“where”or“which”?1.Thatbluehouseistheplace________Ilivedyesterday.2.Thatbluehouseistheplace________Ivisitedyesterday.3.Thatbluehouseistheplace________Ipaidavisityesterday.4.Thatbluehouseistheplace________Ipaidavisittoyesterday.wher