高中英语常用的派生词

构词法1.常见形容词后缀：-al-ous-ful-able-ary-ant-ent-y-ed-en-ing-ly-cal-alcentralsocialculturalnormalagriculturalnatural-oushumorousmountainousambiguousadventurousreligiousambitious-fulplentifulmeaningfulmouthfulpitiful-ablesuitablereliablecomfortablechangeableusableprofitablemiserable-yhandysaltytastythirstyrainycloudymuddy-ant/-entimportantexcellent-ivepassivecreativeprotectivedecisivesupportiveattractive，talkative，restrictive，defensive，preventive，constructive，sensitive(-tiverepresentative(n)-enwoolenwoodengolden-lessstainlesshomelesscarelesstasteless-ualhabitualspiritual-calmedicaltheoreticalskepticalelectricaltypical-edgifted/talenteddetailedageddeterminedworriedlimitedcrowdedmarriedengagedbalancedexhaustedorganizedheatedmixedworntorndrunken-ingchallenging/demanding/promising/appealing/convincing/caring(充满爱心的）loving/freezing/coming/following/disturbing/rewarding/lasting-aryvoluntarymilitary-sometiresometroublesomehandsome-lylonelylivelylovelycostlyelderlydeadlyuglysillylikelybrotherlymanlyfriendlytimely注意：earlydailyweeklymonthlyyearly既是形容词也是副词straightlatehardlate/latelyhard/hardlymost/mostlyclose/closelywide/widelydeep/deeply2.常见名词后缀：-ness-ment-tion-ity-ant-ence-ance-er-or-ist-ant-hood-ship--ology-tizen-nesssadnesshomelessnesscarelessnesshopelessness-mentbasementunemploymentexcitementdisappointmentamazementencouragementassessmentappointment-ityabilitypossibility-tionsatisfactionurbanizationindustrializationmodernizationliberalization-anceattendanceacceptanceguidanceinsuranceannoyanceassistance-ertaxpayertypewriter/cooker/air-conditionercontainerdressercarrierlaughtershowerthrillersticker(贴画）receiver(电话听筒）注意：guide(向导）cheat(骗子）judge(法官,裁判，评委）cook（厨师）-orinstructoractortranslatorcreatorcalculatorsponsordirectorsailor-arlie-liarbeg-beggarburglargrammar-eerefereeemployeeexaminee参加考试者、受试人(被监考者）interviewee-antconsultantassistantparticipant-istcyclistreceptionistspecialistviolinistphysicist物理学家，journalist新闻记者，dentist牙医，instrumentalist乐器演奏家/乐器家，-ianhistorian历史学家，technician技术员，技师，vegetarian食素者magician-enceconvenienceexistenceviolenceconsequenceindependencecompetenceintelligenceinsistence-thgrowthstrengthtruthyouth-shippartnershipownershipfriendshipscholarshiprelationshipleadership--ologyecologybiologypsychologyfuturologygeology(地质学）-tizenNetizencitizen-proofwaterproofwindproof-hood意为：时期（status；etc．）例词：boyhood，childhood，manhood,neibourhood5.常见否定前缀：dis-disagreementdishonestdislikedisappeardisorderdiscouragedishonorable（不光彩的）in-inexperienceinconvenienceinequalityinabilityinexpensiveinactiveinformalinvisibleindirectincorrectinaccurate（不准确的）un-unwillingunfamiliarunimportantunpleasantunableuntrueunfinished（未完成的）undoubted（无疑的）unbalance(失去平衡）im-impatientimproperimpossibleir-irregularil-illegalilliterate（文盲的，无文化的）illogical（不合逻辑的）non-加在形容词，名词前non-existence（不存在），non-essential（不主要的），non-electrical（非电的）3.常见副词后缀：-ly-ward-lysimplypossiblytruly(去e)/immediatelycloselyaccuratelyfortunatelyincreasingly-wardeastwardforwardbackwarddownward(s)afterwards-waysidewaysmidways4.常见动词后缀：-en-fy--enlessenworsendeepensharpenstrengthenweakenshortenlengthenwidendarkenbrightenripen-ize意为：使……，变得……modernize，popularize，legalize，hospitalize，symbolize-fybeatifysimplifyclassifyclarify-erlower(降低）部分常见前缀：co（共同）-coexist(共存）cooperation合作coaction共同行动coeducation男女同校co-worker共同工作者co-founder共同创立者copartner合伙人coauthor书的合著者之一extra-以外，超过extraofficial职权以外的extrapoliticial政治外的，超政治的extracurriculum课外的extraordinary格外的extraprofessional职业以外的extrasolar太阳系以外的bi-两、二biweekly双周刊bilingual两种语言的bicolour两色的bicycle自行车bifacial两面一样的by-旁、侧，非正式，副byroad小路，僻径by-product副产品bywork业余工作byname别名，绰号bystreet旁街，僻街by-business副业bypath小道，僻径bytime余暇，闲暇ex-exitexportescapecircu(m)-（环绕的）circumstancecircuitcirculatefore-forecastforetellforefatherforeheadforeseeforeman(工头）foremost（最重要的）pre-pre-readingpreviewprewarprepayprehistorypreschoolprepackagedpost-postwarpostscript(附言）post-1990generation(九零后）out-outsideoutlookoutwardinter-internationalinteractioninterpersonalinterschoolmid-midwaymiddaymidnightmidwave(中波）midwall(间隔墙）mediterranean（地中海）mini-minibusminiskirtmal-(表错误意义）malfunctionmaladjustment(失调）super-supertanker(超大油轮）supermarketsupermansuperstartri-tricycletriangletriple(三倍的）bi-bicyclebiliteral(双边的）mono-monotonous(单调的）monologue(独白）monoxide(一氧化物）uni-uniform由常见前缀uni-（表示“单、一”）和词根form（形式）构成。其他由前缀uni-构成的词还有如unicorn（独角兽）、unicellular（单细胞组成的）unionunitedunitetrans-transformtransporttranslateMulti-multitaskmultimediamultifunctionEn-enlargeenrichencourageendangerencloseenforceRe-regainreunionreadjustreplaceSelf-self-evidentadj.不证自明的;不言而喻的self-centeredself-employedself-servedself-reliance(自力更生）semi-semicirclesemi-finalmis-misunderstandmisusemisleadmisfortuneanti-antiwarantiknock(防震）antiforeign(排外的）dis-（表反动作）discouragedischargedismissdisconnectdisarmde-(在下，向下）decreasedegrade(degradedproducts(次品）in-insideinlandimport7.加前后缀：unsuitableunbearableunforgettableuncomfortableunacceptableunaffordableunimaginableunfortunatelyunhealthyunluckilyunexpectedly8.表性别-ambassador/ambassadresshosthostessprince/princesshosthostesswaiterwaitressstew