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人教新目标九年级英语中考复习系列初三复习系列动词不定式用法归纳概说动词不定式(todo)是初中英语课的一个重点,也是中考要考查的一个项目。动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种形式,很多同学经常把它和谓语动词混在一起,掌握起来有困难。下面我们对动词不定式的用法做简单归纳,帮助同学们记忆动词不定式的主要用法一、动词不定式在句子中不能独立充当谓语,没有人称和数的变化。二、动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成(有时可以不带to)。动词不定式的否定形式是“not+动词不定式”(此时not不能再与助动词连用)。三、动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能,可在句中用做多种句子成分。主语宾语表语定语状语宾补配套练习主语:常置于句末,而用it代替其做形式主语。例:Togoinforsportshelpsyoustayfit.Ithelpsyoustayfittogoinforsports.Itisdangeroustoswiminthedeepseaonyourown.注:此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或of引出,逻辑主语由of引出时,表语的形容词为kind,nice,good,polite,clever,foolish,right,wrong等表示性格品质评价的形容词。例:It’srightofhimtorefusetheinvitation.(him为逻辑主语)点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,除了直接作主语外,常放在:Itis+adj.(形容词)+todosth.或Itis+n.(名词)+todosth.句型中,it仅作形式主语。返回动词宾语此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。例:wouldyouliketoseemyphotos?Kevinplannedtovisithisuncle类似用法的词还有:start,want,agree,hope,begin,decideagree,love,like,hate,prefer等。Ifounditverydifficulttogetajob.(it为形式宾语)点击规律:这些动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思区别不大提示板:likedoing指经常性动作,而liketodo指一次性的动作。Ilikeswimming,butIdon‘tliketoswimnow.我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。stop,forget,remember,goon,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。点击规律:上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。提示板:1)stoptodosth.:停止一件事,去做另一件事。stopdoingsth.:停止正在做的事。例句:Whentheteachercamein,thestudentsstoppedtalking;当老师走进来时,学生们停止说话;whenhecameout,thestudentsstoppedtotalk.当老师走出去时,学生们又开始说话。2)思考:forget,remember,goon,try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别?点击规律:在find/feel+it+adj.+todosth.句型中,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如:Themandownstairsfounditdifficulttogettosleep.Ifeeliteasytorecitethetext.点击规律:某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语,又可接动名词作宾语,二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分,如上页的stop例句。返回表语放在连系动词be后面例句:Hiswishistobecomeascientist.Ourdutyistoprotecttheenviroment.Thefirstimportantthingistosavethesoldiers’lives.当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。点击规律:动词不定式在句中作表语时,通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。返回定语动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词、代词的后面。例:Heisthefirstpersontosailaroundtheworld.Ihavealotofworktodo.Thedoctorsaidhecoulddonothingtohelptheboy.点击规律:动词不定式若在句中作定语,常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。提示板:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系,且动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉后面的介词。如:Ihaveasmallbedroomtolivein.Haveyougotsomepenstowritewith?返回作状语a.目的状语:放在go,come,use,live,inorder等词后面.如:Icometoseeyou.Herunsfastinordertogetthereintime.Theybroughtinphotosoftheirfamiliesformetolookatb.原因状语:放在sorry,glad,surprised,disappointed,excited等词后面。(有些资料上把这类称为不定式在表示心理、情感、评价等的形容词后,对其进行补充说明,作形容词补足语)如:Iamgladtoseeyouhere.Iamsorrytotroubleyou.c.作结果状语。如:Someoftheapplesarehardtoreach.Theroomislargeenoughtohold1000people.返回宾语补足语(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to:tell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,wish,等词后面常接不定式作宾补。例:Iaskedafriendtoreadittome.Itellhimnottogotherebybus.Edison‘smothertaughthimtoreadandwrite.(2)在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词(see,watch,hear,feel,make,let,have,observe,notice,help等)后不带to的不定式作宾补。如:Thebossmakesthemwork16hoursaday.Iheardhersinginthenextroom.提示板:若变成被动语态,在上述结构中,不定式符号to要加上。如:Theyaremadetowork16hoursadaybytheboss.Shewasheardtosinginthenextroom.返回“疑问词+不定式”用法不定式前可带what,who,which,where,when,how,whose,等疑问词,这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。例:Hedidn’ttellmewheretogo.(直宾)Idon’tknowwhattosaynow.(宾语)Idon'tknowwhattodonext.(宾语)Hetaughtushowtousethecomputer.(宾语补足语)It'sstillaquestionhowtogetthere.(主语)在初中阶段还涉及到“不定式被动语态一般式(tobe+过去分词)”例:Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.返回根据句意,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.It'stimeforus_____(have)supper.2.Wouldyoulike_____(go)shoppingwithme?3.Ittookushalfanhour_____(work)outtheproblem.4.Heisoldenough_____(join)thearmy.5.Ifeelstrange_____(have)atwinsister.6.Iamveryglad_____(meet)youhere.7.Theyprefer_____(stay)athomeratherthangoout.8.Wesawthem_____(come)intotheroomjustnow.9.Whathesaidmademe_____(feel)sorry.10.Iamsorry.Iforgot_____(tell)youthenews.11.Hisplanis_____(spend)afewdaysinthemountains.12.Haveyougotanything_____(say)?13.Haveyoudecidedwhichone_____(choose)?14.Doyouknowwhen_____(start)?15.Heistooweak_____(carry)thebigstone.togo主语togo宾语towork主语tojoin结果状语tohave形容词补足语(原)tomeet形容词补足语(原)tostay宾语tocome宾补tofeel宾补totell宾语tospend表语tosay定语tochoose定语tostart不定式短语作宾语tocarry结果状语
本文标题:2013中考英语《不定式用法归纳》ppt复习课件
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