5Bible

Designed&Presentedby河北大学工商学院2012英语一班马政ThomasMar.20th，2014Copyright©2014Allrightsreserved.Attheverybeginning,let'slistentothissongfirst.Revision（ExtensiveReading）3mainbranchesofChristianCatholicism（天主教）theOrthodoxEasternChurch（东正教）Protestantism（新教）TrinityGodJesusFatherHolySpiritSonExpressionsborrowedfromBible(LastWeek)No.EnglishChinese01Asclearascrystal02Thestillsmallvoice03Therootofallevil04Toliveonthefatoftheland05Thepowersthatbe06Oftheearthearthy07Amessofpottage08Tolickthedust09TellitnotinGathDoyoustillremembertheChinesemeaningofallthefollowingphraseswelearnedlastweek?十分清楚良心的声音一切罪恶的根源生活奢侈当局世俗至极眼前小利被杀；屈服不要声张PartIVViewsPartIIIVersions&TranslationsPartIIDevelopmentPartIABriefIntroductionPartVEpigramsPartIABriefIntroductionTheBibleisacanonicalcollectionoftextsconsideredsacredinJudaismaswellasinChristianity.ThereisnosingleBible:manyBiblesexistwithvaryingcontents.ThetermBibleissharedbetweenJudaismandChristianity,althoughthecontentsofeachoftheircollectionsofcanonicaltextsisnotthesame.DifferentreligiousgroupsincludedifferentbookswithintheirBiblicalcanons,indifferentorders,andsometimesdivideorcombinebooks,orincorporateadditionalmaterialintocanonicalbooks.TheHebrewBible,orTanakh,containstwenty-fourbooksdividedintothreeparts:thefivebooksoftheTorah(teachingorlaw),theNevi'im(prophets),andtheKetuvim(writings).ChristianBiblesrangefromthesixty-sixbooksoftheProtestantcanontotheeighty-onebooksoftheEthiopianOrthodoxChurchcanon.ThefirstpartofChristianBiblesisthe,whichcontains,atminimum,thetwenty-fourbooksoftheHebrewBibledividedintothirty-ninebooksandordereddifferentlyfromtheHebrewBible.TheCatholicChurchandEasternChristianchurchesalsoholdcertaindeuterocanonicalbooksandpassagestobepartoftheOldTestamentcanon.Thesecondpartisthe,containingtwenty-sevenbooks:thefourCanonicalgospels,ActsoftheApostles,twenty-oneEpistlesorletters,andtheBookofRevelation.Bythe2ndcenturyBCEJewishgroupshadcalledtheBiblebooksholy,andChristiansnowcommonlycalltheOldandNewTestamentsoftheChristianBibleTheHolyBibleortheHolyScriptures.ManyChristiansconsiderthewholecanonicaltextoftheBibletobedivinelyinspired.TheoldestsurvivingcompleteChristianBiblesareGreekmanuscriptsfromthe4thcentury.TheoldestTanakhmanuscriptinHebrewandAramaicdatestothe10thcenturyCE,butanearly4th-centurySeptuaginttranslationisfoundintheCodexVaticanus.TheBiblewasdividedintochaptersinthe13thcenturybyStephenLangtonandintoversesinthe16thcenturybyFrenchprinterRobertEstienneandisnowusuallycitedbybook,chapter,andverse.TheBibleiswidelyconsideredtobethebestsellingbookofalltime,hasestimatedannualsalesof100millioncopies,andhasbeenamajorinfluenceonliteratureandhistory,especiallyintheWestwhereitwasthefirstmass-printedbook.TheGutenbergBiblewasthefirstBibleeverprintedusingmovabletype.PartIIDevelopmentJohnRichesstatesthatthebiblicaltextsthemselvesaretheresultofacreativedialoguebetweenancienttraditionsanddifferentcommunitiesthroughtheages,andthebiblicaltextswereproducedoveraperiodinwhichthelivingconditionsofthewriters–political,cultural,economic,andecological–variedenormously.TimothyH.Lim,aprofessorofHebrewBibleandSecondTempleJudaismattheUniversityofEdinburgh,statesthattheOldTestamentwasnotwrittenbyoneman,nordiditdropdownfromheavenasassumedbyfundamentalists.Itisnotamagicalbook,butacollectionofauthoritativetextsofapparentlydivineoriginthatwentthroughahumanprocessofwritingandediting.”DuringthesolidificationoftheHebrewcanon(circa3dcenturyBCE),theBiblebegantobetranslatedintoGreek,nowreferredtoastheSeptuagint.InChristianBibles,theNewTestamentGospelswerederivedfromoraltraditions(similartotheHebrewBible)inaperiodafterJesus'sdeath.ScholarshaveattemptedtoreconstructsomethingofthehistoryoftheoraltraditionsbehindtheGospels,buttheresultshavenotbeentooencouraging.Theperiodoftransmissionisshort:lessthan40yearspassedbetweenthedeathofJesusandthewritingofMark'sGospel.Thismeansthattherewaslittletimefororaltraditionstoassumefixedform.TheBiblewaslatertranslatedintoLatinandotherlanguages.JohnRichesstatesthatthetranslationoftheBibleintoLatinmarksthebeginningofapartingofthewaysbetweenWesternLatin-speakingChristianityandEasternChristianity,whichspokeGreek,Syriac,Coptic,Ethiopic,andotherlanguages.TheBiblesoftheEasternChurchesvaryconsiderably:theEthiopicOrthodoxcanonincludes81booksandcontainsmanyapocalyptictexts,suchaswerefoundatQumranandsubsequentlyexcludedfromtheJewishcanon.Asageneralrule,onecansaythattheOrthodoxChurchesgenerallyfollowtheSeptuagintinincludingmorebooksintheirOldTestamentsthanareintheJewishcanon.TheoriginaltextsoftheTanakhweremainlyinHebrew,withsomeportionsinAramaic.InadditiontotheauthoritativeMasoreticText,JewsstillrefertotheSeptuagint,thetranslationoftheHebrewBibleintoGreek,andtheTargumOnkelos,anAramaicversionoftheBible.ThereareseveraldifferentancientversionsoftheTanakhinHebrew,mostlydifferingbyspelling,andthetraditionalJewishversionisbasedontheversionknownasAleppoCodex.Eveninthisversiontherearewordswhicharetraditionallyreaddifferentlyfromwritten,becausetheoraltraditionisconsideredmorefundamentalthanthewrittenone,andpr