5KW非隔离性光伏逆变器Boost电路及基于DSP的MPPT控制

青岛理工大学毕业设计摘要在绿色再生能源得到广泛应用的今天，太阳能因为其独特的优势而得到青睐。太阳能光伏发电受到世界各国的普遍关注，光伏并网发电也将成为太阳能利用的主要趋势，必将得到快速的发展。但因为光伏电池的转化效率较低且输出特性受外界环境因素影响大，使光伏电池实时输出最大功率成为关键。因此光伏最大功率跟踪也成为光伏发电系统的关键技术之一。本文主要对光伏最大功率跟踪控制技术以及Boost（升压斩波电路）电路优化设计进行研究。首先，对光伏电池的电气进行测量，得到了光伏电池的输出特性；采用基于Boost的实现方案，分析光伏最大功率跟踪的工作原理，进行DSP单片机TMS320F2812实现扰动观察法的C语言编程。最后进行样机组装并实验，实验证明，本设计能够完成对Boost电路的设计与优化，并能够较好的完成最大功率点跟踪。关键词：光伏发电；最大功率跟踪；DSP；Boost电路；扰动观察青岛理工大学毕业设计ABSTRACTTodaythegreenrenewableenergyiswidelyused,solarisfavoredbecauseofitsuniqueadvantages.Solarphotovoltaicpoweriswidelyconcernedaroundtheworld,photovoltaicsolarpowergenerationwillalsobecomethemaintrendofdevelopmentandalsoberapid.Butbecauseoflowconversionefficiencyofphotovoltaiccellsandtheoutputcharacteristicsareaffectedbytheenvironmentalfactors,makingthelargestpowerofphotovoltaiccellsreal-timeoutputthekey.Therefore,themaximumpowertrackingofsolarphotovoltaicpowergenerationsystemhasalsobecomeoneofthekeytechnologies.Inthispaper,IwillmainlyresearchthemaximumpowertrackingtechnologyofthePV,designandimprovetheBoostcircuit(Boostcutbrokencircuit).First,Imeasuringtheelectricalcharacteristicsofphotovoltaiccells,andgettheoutputcharacteristicsofphotovoltaiccells;thenbasedonBoostcircuitofimplementations,analysistheworksofPhotovoltaicmaximumpowertracking.Then,basedantheDSPmicrocontrollerTMS320F2812,Iusethemethodofperturbationandobservation,todotheprogrammingbasedonClanguage.Atlast,Iassembledthesamplemachineanddidexperiments,thoseexperimentsshowedthatthepapercanaccomplishthedesignandoptimizationofBoostcircuit.Andtheexperimentsalsoshowedthatthedesigncancompletethemaximumpowerpointtracking.Keywords：PV；MPPT；DSP；Boostcircuit；perturbationandobservation青岛理工大学毕业设计目录摘要................................................................................................................................IABSTRACT..........................................................................................................................II1前言..................................................................................................................................111.1选题背景................................................................................................................111.1.1能源现状......................................................................................................111.1.2太阳能光伏发电..........................................................................................111.2本课题的研究意义和任务....................................................................................132单相光伏并网发电系统基本原理...................................................................................132.1单相光伏并网发电系统结构组成........................................................................142.2主要部分工作原理................................................................................................152.2.1DC-DC变换器.............................................................................................152.2.2DC-AC逆变器.............................................................................................153光伏电池的特性测量......................................................................................................173.1光伏电池的等效电路模型....................................................................................174硬件电路设计..................................................................................................................174.1Boost电路工作原理..............................................................................................204.2Boost电路实现光伏最大功率跟踪的理论依据..................................................214.3Boost电路主要器件选择......................................................................................234.3.1电感L..........................................................................................................234.3.2电容C..........................................................................................................234.3.3功率开关管V和二极管D.........................................................................244.4控制电路................................................................................................................244.5驱动电路................................................................................................................244.6缓冲电路................................................................................................................254.7检测采样电路........................................................................................................294.7.1电压采样电路..............................................................................................304.7.2电流采样电路..............................................................................................314.8液晶显示................................................................................................................315软件设计..........................................................................................................................325.1光伏最大功率跟踪控制方法......................................................................