翻译技巧

State’sCampbellonU.N.MeetingsonU.S.–Asia-PacificEngagement•ON-THE-RECORDBRIEFING•AssistantSecretaryofStateforEastAsianandPacificAffairsKurtM.CampbellImustsayIthinkPrimeMinisterKanhasdealtwiththisissue–it’sadifficultissue–inaverystatesman-likefashion.Andit,Ithink,showsvisionandanappreciationofhowimportantitisforapeacefuldiplomaticprocesstobeconductedonissueslikethis.我必须说，我认为首相菅直人在处理这个问题上面，尽管很棘手，但颇有政治家的风范。而且，我认为，这件事体现了要在诸如此类问题上采取和平外交手段的远见卓识。•CarefulexaminationofChinesestatementsandactionsovertheyearsleftnoroomfordoubtthatChinaviewedtheSouthChinaSeaasChinesesovereignterritory.•对中国这些年来的言论和行为的仔细研究表明，毫无疑问，中国认为南中国海是中国的主权领土。China'shollowmiracle•Thelackoffundingfortownshipgovernmentshasmeantthatembezzlingearmarkedprojectfundshasgainedacceptanceamongtownshipgovernmentleadersandstaffasamorallylegitimatewaytomaintainworkingconditions.Thereisachasm-likedividebetweenlocalgovernmentagenciesthatreallymatter,ontheonehand,andnameplateandclear-wateragenciesontheother.•乡镇政府缺乏资金意味着，挪用专项资金的做法已经被乡镇政府的领导和员工所接受，认为这是维持工作条件的合情合理的方法。在地方政府机构中，掌握实权的单位、“挂名单位”和“清水衙门”三者之间存在着巨大的差别。Asia’sCloudedHorizon•There’snoquestionthattheUSwillingnesstostakeoutapositioninsupportofamaritimecommons,notaterritorialsea,andmultilateraldiplomacy,viceChina’sdeterminationtodealwiththeSoutheastAsiancountriesoneatatime,waswelcomeinmanyregionalcapitals.•美国愿意表明立场，支持（南中国海）为公海水域而非领海的地位，不顾中国寻求双边协商的决心，支持多边外交，这无疑受到许多东南亚国家的欢迎。词类转移conversion转换词类转换句子成分转换英汉语际转换语用转换Willyouseetoitthatnochildrenshouldleanoutofthewindow?•请务必做到不让孩子们探身窗外。•Let’sgohome•我们回家吧•Withallthecommotion,weneverheardthewholestoryofhowyoutwomet.•可否告诉我们你们是怎么认识的？句子成分的转换•兑现支票时大多数银行要求提供身份证明。•Proofofidentityisrequiredforcashingacheckatmostbanks.•小狗将我的一张画搞坏了.我真想对它发火……。•Iwasinclinedtogetangryatthepuppyforruiningmypainting•看到学生人数不断减少，校长心里很难受。•Itpainedtheheadmastertofindthenumberofstudentsshrinking.•AsBeijinghasbecomeincreasinglypolluted，therehasbeenagrowingrealizationthatactionisneededtotacklethisproblem.•随着几京污染问题日益严重，人们越来越意识到需要采取行动来解决这个问题。词类转移法•名词（noun）•动词（verb）•形容词（adjective）•副词（adverb）•介词（preposition）•代词（pronoun）•冠词（article）•数词（numeral）•连词（conjunction）•感叹词（interjection）。词类转移法：名词•感观名词变动词•心理名词变动词•Therebe句型中名词主语译成动词•以er,or等结尾的普通名词变动词•名词隐藏在动词短语中名词复数的翻译1•Hehadahabitoftellingmejokeswheneverhesawme.•他有个习惯，每次见到我都要跟我讲些笑话。•CorrespondentswentflyingofftoBaghdadforinterviewlastmonth.•上个月，记者纷纷飞到巴格达进行采访。•Theveryearthtrembledaswiththetrampsofhorsesandmurmurofangrymen.•大地震动，仿佛万马奔腾，千夫怒吼。•Theessenceretainsitsidentitywhileappearancesmayvary.•万变不离其宗感观名词变动词•在英语中有些与感官动词(see,hear,think,know等)相联系的名词(sight,sound,glance,look,view,knowledge等)通常也表示动作含义，要译成动词。例如:•我无法相信自己的眼睛，站起身来，走近些以便看得更清些。•NotbelievingwhatIwasseeing,Igotupandwentcloserforabetterlook.•车上所有的座位全被年轻体壮的人占了，看到老人站在面前他们丝毫也无动于衷。•Onthebusalltheseatsaretakenbytheyoungandsturdy.Thesightofelderlypeoplestandinginfrontofthemdoesn'tdisturbthematall.•Someknowledgeofworldhistoryishelpfultothestudyoftranslation.读一点世界史，对学习翻译时有帮助的。•无论什么事情，只要他一露面，就算是成功了。Hisveryappearanceatanyaffairproclaimsitatriumph.心理名词变动词•Somepeoplesayfearandcautionarenowapartoftheirdailyroutine.•译1：有些人说害怕和小心现在已经成了他们日常生活的一部分。•译2：有人说，现在总是提心吊胆地过日子。Therebe句型在Thereis（are）＋……的句子中，其主语若为动作名词或心理感观名词，常常可把该主语名词译成动词Therebe句型主语为动作名词Therehasbeenanoutbreakofmeaslesintown.•城里发生了麻疹病。•ThereisareferencetoTominmybook.•我的书中提到汤姆。•TherewasnomentionofthePalesstineLiberationOrganization.•没有提到巴勒斯坦解放组织•Therewasasuddenfallintemperature.•气温突然下降Therebe句型主语为心理感观名词•在中国加入世界贸易组织之前，人们担心中国要做出过多的让步。•BeforeChina'sentryintoWTO，therewerefearsthatChinawouldhavetomaketoomuchconcession.•Lifeinthewhitehouseisactiveandintense.Foronething,itisacityhomeandthereisalwaysthesenseandsoundoftrafficoutside.Sometimestherewouldbethesoundofdemonstrations.•白宫的生活既活跃又紧张。首先，那是城市中的家，人们总可以感觉到、听到外面车流的喧嚣，有时还会听到示威者的呐喊声。•AsBeijinghasbecomeincreasinglypolluted，therehasbeenagrowingrealizationthatactionisneededtotacklethisproblem.•随着北京污染问题日益严重，人们越来越意识到需要采取行动来解决这个问题。形容词、副词译成动词•抽词拆译中带动词意义的形容词，介词的转换•比较级(adj.&adv.)译成动词比较级(adj.&adv.)译成动词•Weseeknowiderwar.•我们不谋求扩大战争。•TheAmericanpeoplehaileditsprogramforgreaterSino-Americantrade.•美国人民欢迎该党主张扩大中美贸易的纲领。•Theyarefightingforabetterlife.•他们为改善生活而斗争。•TheirincreasingstrengthmadethemlessdependentontheUnitedStates.•由于他们的实力愈来愈增长，他们对美国的依赖感少了•Theystriveforlowerbirthrate.•他们力求降低出生率。视角的转换warming-up•Johnwasafoolfordanger.•约翰是人不怕地不怕的。•Shemodeledbetweenroles•她在不演戏的时候就去当模特(反说)•AllmusicisaliketoTom.•汤姆毫无音乐欣赏能力。•Thencamethestruggleandpartingbelow.Wordsrefusedtotellit.•接着就是楼下告别时的忙乱，当时的情形真是难以用言语形容。•IndeedRagglesthoughttherewasnosuchplaceinalltheworld,andnosuchaugustfamily.•说实话，在拉哥尔斯看来，全世界最华丽的宫殿和最高贵的世家都在这里。•KeanuReevesisquietandintroverted.HeattendsalmostnoHollywoodpartiesandspendsmuchofhisfreetimeplayingbaseguitarwithhisbarbandDogstarwhenhemightbepromotinghismovies.“Idon’twanttobesuperfamous,”hesaid.“Thatwouldbeawful.”•他大部分的空余时间不是用来推销自己的影片，而是和他的酒吧乐队“天狼星”一起弹奏低音吉他。从与原语相反的角度传达同样信息句子Litotes(曲言法/反叙法)短语习惯正反表达词类反译•习惯表达句子It+be+adj.+noun+that…口头习惯语否定的条件句肯定的条件句否定形式的比较/类比句疑问句句子习惯正反表达•Itisawisefatherthatknowshisownchild.•聪明的父亲也未必了解自己的孩子•Itisanillwindthatblowsnobodygood.•坏事未