主题句简介topic-sentence

主题句简介topicsentence二、主题句简介2．1主题句作者的首要任务是让读者知道所写段落要谈的是什么，这就是每段的主题句的作用。因此主题句应该阐明段落的主要思想，所有支持主题句的细节和描述都与这一主要思想有关。2．2主题句的形式主题句通常有以下三种形式：1）肯定句（AffirmativeSentence）Example：Theneedforwildlifeprotectionisgreaternowthaneverbefore．2）反诘句（RhetoricalSentence）Example：Howdoyouthinkpeoplewillsolvetheproblemofwildlifeprotection？3）不完整句（Fragments）Example：Andtheworkingman？初学者最好使用肯定句作为主题句。2．3主题句的位置主题句出现的位置有以下四种情况：1）段首（Atthebeginning）主题句经常居于段首，以便读者浏览主题句就可掌握文章的概要。这个位置适用于写提供信息或解释观点的段落。2）段末（Attheend）用推理方法展开段落时，主题句往往位于句末。3）段中（Inthemiddle）有时为了使段落多样化，主题句也可以居于段中。4）隐含（Implied）有时候，尤其在写叙述性或描写性段落时，当所有的细节都围绕着一个显而易见的主题时可以不用主题句。2Exercise2-1Directions：Readthefollowingparagraphsandidentifythetopicsentence．Ifitisimplied，summarizeityourself．（1）Butnomatterwhatitiscalled，allpolyesterhascertaingoodpoints．Itdoesnotwrinkleeasily．Itdriesquicklyafteritiswashed．Itholdsitsshape．Itisstrongandkeepsitscolorswell．TopicSentence：____________________________________________Position：________________（2）Blackisthecolourofmourning．Redsymbolizesdanger，violence，orbloodshed．Ifyouareafraid，youareyellow．NoneofthesesayingsistrueoutsidetheEnglishspeakingworld．InChinaandKorea，whiteisthecolorofmourning．InRussiaredstandsforbeautyandlife．InItalyandGermanyyouareyellowwithanger，notwithfear．TopicSentence：_____________________________________________Position：__________________（3）Ourchiefsourceoffreshwaterisrainfallthatcollectsinlakes，rivers，andreservoirs．Recently，however，wehavediscoveredanewsource，aquifers，whicharerockformationscontainingwater．Evenunderdeserts，vastaquifersmaybewaitingtobetapped．CompaniesdrillingforoilintheMiddleEasthavesometimesstruckaquifers，whichprovideunexpectedwatersuppliesforaridregions．TopicSentence：____________________________________________Position：_____________（4）Supposeyou’replayingagame．Youmakeasillymistakeandlose．Doyoubecomeangry？Orcanyoulaughatyourselfandhopetodobetternexttime？Supposeyouareataspecialdinner．Youaccidentallyspillsomefood．Whykeepworryingabouthowclumsyyoulook？Whynotlaughitoffandenjoyyourselfanyway？Ifyoucan，it’sgoodsignyou'vereallygrownup．TopicSentence：____________________________________________Position：____________（5）Youngmensometimesbringedelweissbackfortheirgirlfriends．Thegirlsthinkoftheflowersasaproofoftruelove．Mountainclimbers，guides，andhunterspickedelweisstoo．Theywearitontheirhats．Tothemitisasignofcourageanddaring．TopicSentence：____________________________________________Position：___________三、如何写好主题句3．1关于写主题句的建议1）要写合乎语法的句子Example1：TwocausesoftheAmericanCivilWar．这个句子是个不完整的句子，不合乎语法，因此不能用作主题句。Example2：ThereweretwocausesthatledtotheAmericanCivilWar．重写后的句子合乎语法，是个较好的主题句。2）要使用限写词限定主题为了正确表达观点，好的主题句经常使用关键词或词组，即限制词（controllers）限制这一观点。Example3：Airtravelismoreconvenientthantrainforatleastthreereasons．从上例主题句我们得知作者将要写“airtravel”（topic），他将要把“train”（aspect）和“airtravel”作比较，并且陈述“reasons”。由此可见，作者在“aspect”（方面）和“reason”（原因）两方面限制他的主题。3）要注意主题的可写性所定的主题不能太笼统，也不能太具体。Example4：InHemingway'sstory“Soldier’sHome”，KrebstellshismotherthathewantsnopartofGod'sKingdom．这个句子太具体以至于无东西可写，无法展开段落。Example5：InHemingway'sstory“Soldier’Home”Krebisalonely，s，cynicalveteran．这个句子可作为主题句，因为可以围绕“lonely，cynical”展开段落。Example6：Letmetellyousomethingaboutoverpopulation．这个句子太笼统，作为一个段落的主题太大，难于驾驭。Example7：Whyhastheworldpopulationbeenincreasingsorapidlyinthelastdecades？这个句子是个较好的主题句，作者用“thereasonsforoverpopulationinthelastdecades”，从“原因”（cause）和“时间”（time）两方面限制了主题，能在一个段落内论述。3Exercise3-1Directions：Identifytheareaswhichlimitthetopicsentences．3．1．1SoccerhasbecomeincreasinglypopularintheU．S．inthelasttenyears．Topic：_____________Limitations：_____3．1．2Pollutionhascausedthreemajorproblemsinthelastdecades．Topic：______________Limitations：_____3．1．3Therearetwokindsofmemory：short-termandlong-term．Topic：____________Limitations：_____3．1．4Womenareplayinganincreasinglyimportantpartinsocietytoday．Topic：____________Limitations：_____3．1．5Womenarepaidlessforequalworkthanmeninsomecompanies．Topic：____________Limitations：_____3Exercise3-2Directions：Writetwotopicsentencesforeachofthetopics，limitingthetopicindifferentways．3．2．1Topic：thestudyofEnglishTopicSentence1：__________________________________________TopicSentence2：3．2．2Topic：collegestudentstodayTopicSentence1：__________________________________________TopicSentence2：__________________________________________3．2．3Topic：womeninChinaTopicSentence1：__________________________________________TopicSentence2：__________________________________________3．2．4Topic：crimeTopicSentence1：__________________________________________TopicSentence2：__________________________________________Exercise3Exercise3-3Directions：Readthefollowingparagraphsandsupplythemissingtopicsentence．（1）___________________________Iceland’sflag，forinstance，standsforfeaturesoftheland．RedforthefireofIceland’svolcanoes．Whiteisforice．Blueisforthemountains．OnIndia’sflag，thebluewheelstandsforpeaceandprogress．Thewhitestripebehinditisfortruth．TheblackstripeontheflagofMalawistandsfortheNegropeopleofthatAfricanland．Theredstriperepresentsthebloodtheyshedtofreethemselvesfromforeignrule．（2）________________Theonemostpeoplear