城市公共自行车的经营模式与租车点布局优化研究

分类号:U4910710-2012223012专业硕士学位论文城市公共自行车的经营模式与租车点布局优化研究唐岷导师姓名职称孙启鹏教授申请学位级别工学硕士专业学位类别及领域名称交通运输工程论文提交日期2014年4月20日论文答辩日期2014年6月3日学位授予单位长安大学StudyonCitypublicbicycleoperationmodeandlayoutoptimizationofthebicyclerentalpointADissertationSubmittedfortheDegreeofMasterCandidate：TangMinSupervisor：Prof.SunQipengChang’anUniversity,Xi’an,ChinaI摘要公共自行车系统是城市交通体系中不可或缺的一员，城市交通所面临的问题比如噪声污染、道路拥堵等越来越严重，发展公共自行车已经成为国外许多城市缓解交通负外部性的重要举措，如美国、英国等国外发达国家和国内的杭州、西安等城市。由于公共自行车大规模发展的时间较短，而且城市交通十分复杂，城市交通资源十分有限。因此，城市在发展公共自行车系统时还存在一些需要改进的方面。尤其是在经营模式选择和租车点布局上十分突出。基于此，本文将在梳理国内外发展现状的基础上，重点讨论我国公共自行车的经营模式选择与租车点布局优化问题。经营模式选择的合理与否是公共自行车能否持续运营的基础，目前，我国有许多城市公共自行车虽然已经推行，但由于经营模式不合理，存在缺陷，其发展状况很差，有的甚至形同虚设。为此，论文对国内外公共自行车发展状况进行了研究，梳理了三种城市公共自行车经营模式，并对其进行了比较分析，提出了不同发展阶段和不同城市规模下如何选择经营模式的建议。租车点布局是否合理直接关系到居民租车的方便程度，公共自行车的生命力，城市交通资源的利用效率等。目前，我国的租车点布局大多是在某区域的交通换乘点附近经验型的进行布设，缺少了科学的布局方法依据，因此，本文从可达性的角度，以居民选择公共自行车出行最方便程度来考虑，建立了基于可达性的城市公共自行车布局优化模型，提出了租车点布局优化的新思路。基于以上考虑，本文的研究内容包括五章节，第一章节绪论，主要阐述了公共自行车的研究背景与意义并进行了相关理论的研究综述，提出了论文的研究内容和方法。第二章节主要研究了我国城市公共自行车系统的发展情况，提出了发展中存在的四大问题。第三章节主要对国外城市的公共自行车系统发展状况进行了研究，总结了其发展中的四大经验及三大启示。第四章节重点完成了公共自行车经营模式的比较分析，最终提出了如何选择经营模式的建议；第五章节建立了公共自行车租车点基于可达性理论的布局优化模型。并通过算例进行了验证。论文研究能为城市选择公共自行车经营模式提供决策意见，对优化公共自行车租车点布局提出了新的方法支持，更好的推动了城市能够健康发展公共自行车的步伐。关键词：公共自行车，经营模式，租车点布局优化，可达性，对策建议IIAbstractCitypublicbicycleisanimportantpartofcitytraffic,Withthecongestion,pollution,noiseandothercitytrafficproblemisbecomingmoreandmoreserious,thedevelopmentofpublicbicyclehasbecomeinmanycityforeignimportantactiontomitigatethenegativeexternalityoftransportation,Forexample,foreignAmerica,UKandmanyotherdevelopedcountriesandChineseHangzhou,Xi'ancityetc..Becauseofthepublicbicyclelarge-scaledevelopmenttimeisshort,andthecitytrafficisverycomplex,citytrafficisverylimitedresources,Therefore,intheprocessofpublicbicycleinourcountryhasbeenexposedmanyproblems,Especiallyinthechoiceofoperationmodeandthepublicbicyclerentalpointlayoutisveryprominent.Basedontheabovereasons,thispaperwillpresentsituationbothathomeandabroad,focusingontheoperationpatternofpublicbicyclesinChinaandpublicbicyclerentalpointlayout.Thechoiceofmanagementmodeaffectthepublicbicycleoperation,Atpresent,manycitypublicbicyclehasbeencarriedoutinourcountry,butbecausethebusinessmodelisnotreasonable,therearenarrow,anddevelopmentconditionisverypoor,andsomeareevenuseless,Therefore,basedonthedomesticandforeigndevelopmentstatusofpublicbicycle,Combingthecitypublicbicyclethreeoperationmode,andaccordingtothecomparisonofvariousbusinessmodelanalysis,andputsforwardsuggestionsabouthowtoselectthemodeofoperationofthedifferentdevelopmentstagesanddifferentcitysizes.Thelayoutofareasonablepublicbicyclerentalpoint,isdirectlyrelatedtotheconvenienceofresidents,publicbicyclevitality,citytrafficresourcesutilizationefficiency.Atpresent,thepublicbicyclerentalpointdistributioninChinaismostlyinthevicinityoftransittransferpoint,weresetupaccordingtotheexperience,lackingofscientificbasislayoutmethod,Therefore,thisarticlefromthereachability,setuptheoptimizationmodelofcitypublicbicyclerentalpointlayout.Toprovidedecisionsupportforcitypublicbicyclerentalpointlayoutoptimization.Considerfromthese,theresearchcontentofthispaperincludesfiveparts,Thefirstpartistheintroduction,mainlyintroducestheresearchbackgroundandsignificanceofpublicbicycleandtherelevantresearchreview.Theresearchcontentandmethodofthepaper.ThesecondpartmainlyexpoundsthedevelopmentstatusofpublicbicyclesinChina,andsummarizestheproblemsexistinginthedevelopmentof.Thethirdpartstudiedmainlyonforeignpublicbicycledevelopmentpresentsituation,summeduptheexperienceandEnlightenmentofoverseasdevelopment.Thefourthpartfocusesonthecomparativeanalysisofpublicbicycleoperationmode,finallyputsforwardhowtoselectthemodeIIIofoperationoftheproposal;Thefifthpartoftherentalbicycleaccessibilitylayoutoptimizationmodelbasedon.Andverifiedbyanexample。TheresearchresultscanprovidetheoreticalbasisandmethodsupportforChina'spublicbicycledevelopment,betterpromotepublicbicycleinourcountry'sdevelopment,andoptimizethestructureofcitypublictraffic.Keywords:publicbicycle,Managementmode,publicbicyclerentalpointlayout,accessibility,Accessibility,countermeasuresandsuggestionsIV目录第一章绪论..................................................................................................................................................11.1研究背景与意义...............................................................................................................................11.2实践发展与研究综述.......................................................................................................................31.3研究方法..........................................................................................................................................61.4.研究内容与技术路线.......................................................................................................................7第二章我国城市公共自行车发展状况及存在问题...................................................................................92.1总体现状...................................................................