名师指津 高考英语写作基础技能步步高：2 句子成分II：表语定语状语补

一、表语系动词是表示人或事物状态、性质的动词,如:be,get,sound,look,seem,feel等。系动词后面的部分叫表语。作表语的典型词类是形容词,也可以名词、数词、极少数副词(如here,there)、介词短语、不定式、分词、表语从句等。系动词与表语共同构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质等。练习：请找出下列句子的表语并指出表语是由什么来充当的(名词、数词、形容词、介词,不定式,分词,还是表语从句)。1.Mywalletisonthedesk.(_____________________)2.Thebookisn’tmine.(_____________________)mine,名词。onthedesk,介词短语。3.Theleavesturnyellowinfall.(______________________)4.Hehasbecomeapoliceofficer.(______________________)apoliceofficer,名词。yellow,形容词。5.Mysuggestionisthatweshouldstartatonce.(_____________________________)6.Mysuggestionistoleaveatonce.(_____________________________)toleaveatonce,不定式短语。thatweshouldstartatonce.表语从句。7.Hisspeechwasboring.(_________________)8.Thewholeclassgotexcitedatthegoodnews.(_________________)excited,过去分词。boring,现在分词。二、定语定语用来修饰名词或代词,起限定作用。作定语的典型词类是形容词和形容词性物主代词,也可以是数词、名词、介词短语、分词、定语从句等。定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰复合不定代词(如something)时,或者是短语或定语从句作定语,则总是放在所修饰名词的后边。练习：请找出下列句子的定语并指出定语是由什么充当(形容词、形容词性代词、数词、名词、介词短语、分词还是定语从句)1.Thebeautifulsightattractsmanytouristseveryyear.(__________________________)beautiful,形容词;many,数词。2.Thewalletonthedeskismine.(____________________)3.Thedemandingbosswasn’tsatisfiedwithmywork.(_________________________________)demanding,现在分词;my,形容词性代词。onthedesk,介词短语。4.Thatbuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.(_____________________________)5.Heisoneofthestudentsthathavebeenlate.(_____________________________)beingrepaired,现在分词短语;our,形容词性代词。one,数词;thathavebeenlate,定语从句6.Theexcitedboysburstintocheers.(_______________________)7.Awomanpoliceofficerwaspraisedforhergoodwork.(_______________________)woman,名词;good,形容词。excited,过去分词。三、状语状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,或整个句子。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等,作状语的典型词类是副词,也可以是介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句等。练习：请找出下列句子的状语并指出状语是由什么充当(副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句)。1.Hedidhishomeworkcarefullyathome.(________________________________)carefully,副词;athome,介词词组。todosomeshopping不定式作目的状语;onSunday介词短语表时间。2.HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.(________________________________)3.WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.(______________________________)4.Feelingtired,hewenttobedwithoutsupper.(______________________________)Feelingtired,现在分词短语表原因;withoutsupper,介词短语表方式。WhenIgrowup,时间状语从句。5.Helosthisjobduetohislackofpatience.(________________________________)6.Broughtupinthecountry,hefindsithardtoadjusthimselftocitylife.(________________________________)Broughtupinthecountry,过去分词短语表原因。duetohislackofpatience介词短语表原因。四、补足语补充说明主语的称为主语补足语;补充说明宾语的称为宾语补足语。作补足语的典型词类是形容词,也可以是名词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词等。练习：请找出下列句子的宾语补足语并指出它是由什么充当的(名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词)。1.TheyelectedJohnmonitor.(__________________)2.Hetreatedhismistakeasajoke.(__________________)asajoke,介词词组。monitor名词3.Weheardhersingingasong.(_________________________________)4.Hetoldmetomakemyowndecision.(_________________________________)tomakemyowndecision,动词不定式singingasong,现在分词短语。5.Ithinkitwrongofhimtodeclinemyoffer.(____________________________)6.Hewatchedaninsectcaughtbyabird.(____________________________)caughtbyabird,过去分词短语。wrong,形容词。如果把主动语态改成被动语态,宾语补足语就成了主语补足语。例如：Hewasacknowledgedtobethebestplayer.他被公认为是最佳选手。(不定式作主语补足语)