美国文学题库(部分)

一、记住下面词条（单选题和填空题）1.Ascientistwithlotsofinventionsandafamousexperiment(kite,electricity,thunderstorm).Franklindidalotoffamousexperimentsandinventedmanythingssuchasvolunteerfiredepartments,effectivestreetlighting,bifocalglasses,efficientheatingdevices,lightning-rod(避雷针)andsoon2.Typicalliteraryformsofromanticismincludeballad,lyrics,sentimentalcomedy,novels,gothicromance,sonnet,andcriticalessays.3.Reacheditspeakwiththeappearanceofthemajorauthorsofthe19thcenturysuchasEdgarAllenPoe,WaltWhitmanandEmilyDickinsoninpoetry,andNathanielHawthorneandHermanMelvilleinfiction.4.JamesFenimoreCooperdevelopedthreekindsofnovels.ThefirstkindisabouttherevolutionarypastsuchasTheSpy.ThesecondkindistheseanovelssuchasthePilot.ThethirdkindisabouttheAmericanfrontier.5.NathanialHawthorne’sworksbelongtodarkromanticism,cautionarytalesthatsuggestthatguilt,sin,andevilarethemostinherentnaturalqualitiesofhumanity.ManyofhisworksareinspiredbyPuritanNewEnglandcombininghistoricalromanceloadedwithsymbolismanddeeppsychologicalthemes,borderingonsurrealism.6.“TheAmericanScholar”hasbeencalledAmerica’sDeclarationofIntellectualIndependencebecausehecalledonAmericanwriterstowriteaboutAmericainanAmericanwayinsteadofimitatingthingsforeign.7.Thoreauhasfaithintheinnervirtueandinward,spiritualgraceofman;Thoreauwascriticalofmoderncivilization;Manshouldliveasimplelife;andhebelievedintheregeneration改过自新ofman.WaldenexhibitsThoreau’strustinthefutureandhisbeliefinanewgenerationofmen.8.Thoughhismostfamousnoveliscriticizedforbeingracist,MarkTwainneverexpectednorintendedthecontroversythatarosewiththepublicationofHuckleberryFinn.MarkTwainwasnotracist,butdepictedlifeinhistimes.9.Naturalisticwriterswritedetaileddescriptionsofthelivesofthelowerclass.Theyareinterestedinfindingouthowmenandwomenareoverwhelmedbytheforcesofenvironmentandbytheforcesofheredity.10.InSisterCarrie,Dreiserexpressedhisnaturalisticpursuitbyexpoundingthepurposelessnessoflifeandimpotence(无能为力)ofmen.11.MatinEdentellshowtheprotagonistchangesfromatoilertoabest-sellingauthor.Whenhefailstoresolvetheinnerconflictbetweenhisdesireformarriageandhisresistancetocompromiseinaclass-oppressedsociety,hefinallydrownshimself.LondononcetoldUptonSinclairthathewrotethisnovelas“anattackonindividualism.”12.TheLostGenerationisatermappliedtothedisillusionedintellectualsoftheyearsfollowingtheFirstWorldWar,whorebelledagainstformeridealsandvalues,butcouldreplacethemonlybydespairoracynicalhedonism享乐主义.13.StreamofConsciousnessisaliterarytechniqueinwhichacharacter'sthoughtsarepresentedintheconfusing,jumbled,andinconsequentialmannerofreallifewithoutanyclarificationbytheauthor.It'sbestknownwritersareMarcelProust,VirginiaWoolf,andJamesJoyce.14.ThomasSternsEliotwontheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1946.Hismasterpiece,“TheWasteLand”revealsthespiritualcrisisofPostWarEurope,andisconsideredthemanifestoofthe“LostGeneration”.15.EmilyDickinsonwrotenearly1800poemsandonlysevenofthemwerepublishedduringherlifetime.Deathwasoneofthegreatthemesofherworkandsheseldomlostsightofthegrave.16.InWaltWhitman’smasterpieceLeavesofGrass,hepraisedtheideasofequalityanddemocracyandcelebratedthedignity,theself-reliantspiritandthejoyofthecommonman.“SongofMyself”isWhitman’sveryfamousworks.Whitmanwasthefirsttoexplorefullythepossibilitiesoffreeverse.17.HarlemRenaissanceisatermtodescribetherevivaloftheliteraryandartisticachievementinthe1920sbyAfro-Americanwriters.ThewriterswhowereassociatedwithHarlemRenaissanceincludeLangstonHughes,ClaudeMcKay,SterlingBrown,JessieFauset,WallaceThurman,JamesWeldonJohnson,andMarcusGarvey.18.Metaphorisafigureofspeechinwhichawordorphrasethatordinarilydesignatesonethingisusedtodesignateanother,thusmakinganimplicitcomparison.19.Intheearlypartofthe19thcentury,NewYorkCitywasthecenterofAmericanwriting.Itswriterswerecalled:Knickerbockers”andtheperiodfrom1810to1840iscalledthe“KnickerbockersEra”oftheAmericanliterature.20.WashingtonIrvingwasborninNewYorkCityinawealthyfamily.Fromaveryearlyagehebegantoreadwidelyandwritejuvenilepoems,essays,andplays.WiththepublicationofTheSketchBook,hewonameasureofinternationalfameonbothsidesoftheAtlantic.21.EmersonrejectedboththeformalreligionofthechurchesandtheDeisticphilosophy;insteadhebasedhisreligiononanintuitivebeliefinanultimateunity,whichhecalledtheover-soul.22.Hawthorne'sliteraryworldisamostdisturbed,tormentedandproblematicalonemostlybecauseofhisblackvisionoflifeandhumanbeings.HerejectedtheTranscendentalists'transparentoptimismaboutthepotentialitiesofhumannature.Insteadhelookedmoredeeplyandperhapsmorehonestlyintolife,findinginitmuchsufferingandconflictbutalsofindingtheredeemingpoweroflove.23.Hawthorneisamasterofsymbolism,whichhetookfromthePuritantraditionandbequeathedtoAmericanliteratureinarevivifiedform.Thesymbo1canbefoundeverywhereinhiswriting,andhismasterpieceprovidesthemostconclusiveproof.24.Melville'swritingscanbewelldividedintotwogroups,eachwithsomethingincommoninthelightofthethematicconcernandimaginativefocus.Moby-dickisregardedastheGreatAmericanNovel,thefirstAmericanproseepic(alongnarrativepoemtellingofheroic