句子的类型和定语从句入门

句子的类型简单句(simplesentence)并列句(compoundsentence)复合句(complexsentence)exercises简单句只有一个限定动词（即只有一个主谓结构），它是最小的句子单位。Examples:Theboyhitthedog./Thedogbittheboy.并列句需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号;把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来，则构成一个并列句。用分号：Wefishedallday;wedidn’tcatchathing.用分号，后跟一个连接副词：Wefishedallday;however,wedidn’tcatchathing.用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet等）Wefishedallday,but(we)didn’tcatchathing.并列句1、HeisateacherbutIamadoctor.2.Hurryup,oryouwillbelate.3.Eitheryouaremadorheis.4.Notonlyisheanactorbutalsoheisadirector.5.Neitheraretheyfarmersnortheyareworkers.6.Theyfirstworkedasdoctorsandlatertheyworkedaswriters.7.Iwasdoinghouseworkwhilehewasplayingchess.复合句:主句+从句主句是一个完整的句子(independentsentence),它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在.复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句从句主句Bythetimehearrived,1wehadalreadyleft.2请指出该复合句的主句和从句部分。从句主句练习:请分别指出下列句子的主句和从句：1、Heisamanwhoiseasytoworkwith.2.Idon’tknowwhetherhewillcometomorrow.3.WhenIsawhim,hewaswashingclothes.4.Thathecamemadeushappy.5.Thenewsthathewonthefirstistrue.6.Thequestioniswhereweshouldgotomorrow.复合句复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句=主句+从句Hetoldmethenews.thatthematchhadbeencancelled.宾语howmuchhewaspreparedtopayformycar.thatIcouldhavethemoneywithoutdelay.howmuchhewaspreparedtopayformycarandthatIcouldhavethemoneywithoutdelay.whenhewasleavingforParis.宾语从句thepeoplesurprisedThatWhathesaidwhathedid主语Thathedidn’tknowtheanswerintheroom.定语whoweresittingintheroom.whowerepresent.whosesonswereatschool.whohadsignedthecontract.复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句=主句+从句TheAttributiveClause定语从句thehandsomethetallthestrongthecleverthenaughtyboyTheboyisTom.TheboywhoishandsomeisTom.TheboywhoistallisTom.TheboywhoisstrongisTom.TheboywhoiscleverisTom.TheboywhoisnaughtyisTom.TheboywhoisreadingisTom.先行词关系代词Hospitalisaplacewhereadoctorworks.先行词关系副词关系词的分类1.关系代词2.关系副词关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：when,where,why二.关系词的分类TheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.TheboyisTom.Theboyhasaroundface.TheboywhoissmilingisTom.(主语)TheboywhohasaroundfaceisTom.TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.TheboywhositsinfrontofmeisTom.Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.Theman(who)everyonelikesiskind.(宾语)Thewomangotthejob.Wesawheronthestreet.Thewoman(whom)wesawonthestreetgotthejob.Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.Wemettheteacheryesterday.Theteacher(whom)wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk.Theboyisinthelab.Youwanttotalktohim.Theboy(whom)youwanttotalktoisinthelab.Theboytowhomyouwanttotalkisinthelab.Thisistheboy.Isitbehindhim.Thisistheboy(whom)Isitbehind.ThisistheboybehindwhomIsit.关系代词:1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Theman(whom/who)InoddedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomInoddedisProfessorLi.appletheredthegreenthesmallthebigTheapplewhichisredismine.Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.TheapplewhichisredissmallTheapplewhichisgreenisbig.Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoat.Thegoatiseatingherflowers.Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoatwhichiseatingherflowers.Canyoulendmethebook?Youtalkedaboutitlastnight.Canyoulendmethebook(which)youtalkedaboutlastnight.Canyoulendmethebookaboutwhichyoutalkedlastnight?Doyoufindthepen?Iwrotewithitjustnow.DoyoufindthepenwithwhichIwrotejustnow?Doyoufindthepen(which)Iwrotewithjustnow?3.which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.Thisrecorder（which）heisusingismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?that指人/物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.注意：介词提前时只能用whom/which而不能用that。HeisthemanaboutwhomItoldyou.aboutthatIsthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?fromthatthat和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用which而不用that。•(1)关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）•Therearemanytreesunderwhichtheycanhavearest.•(2)在非限制性定语从句中•Football,whichisaverypopulargame,isplayedallovertheworld.that和who/whom在指人的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用who/whom。•(5)先行词是who或whom引导的主句。Whoisthegirl(that)drovethecar?Who(that)brokethewindowwillbepunished.•(6)主句以Therebe引导时Thereare200people(that)didn’tknowthething.(2)that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。①先行词为all,anyone,one,ones等时。如：Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited.②先行词为those,he和people时。如：Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.(4)关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：Thosewhoareagainsttheplanputupyourhands.Tomisoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedbytheteacheryesterday.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedbytheteacheryesterday.(4)从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致Heisthekindperson.Ihaveeverworkedwithhim.Thisisthebestfilm.Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.HeisthekindpersonthatIhaveeverworkedwith.whowhomØThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.ØWhose•Thegirlissinging.Herhairisred.Thebookismine.Itscoverisblue.Thegirlwhose