浅议地方理论在旅游研究中的应用

18320076JournalofGuilinInstituteofTourismVol.18No.3Jun.,2007[]X(,210093)[],,,,,,,[];;;[]F590[]A[]1008-6080(2007)03-0453-04(placetheory),,(TuanY.F.)1976,(senseofplace),:()()[1](),,,,90,,,(placeidentity),3,,,,(),,,,[2],,[3]Relph(),[4](placemeaning),,,,(),,(),,453X[]2006-12-03[](1974-),,,06,(),(placelessness)Relph,,,[4](),()(),,,[5],,,(placeattachment)[6]Williams&Roggenbuck[7],Low&Altman[8]3,,,,,,;,,Williams&Roggenbuck[7],1,,,,[9],,,[10][4],,1Williams&Roggenbuck()(1-5),1,5PD1,APD2A,PD3,APD4AAA1AAA2AAA3AAA4API1API2API3ASB1A,SB2A,SB3A,,,,,,,,,80,,Williams&Roggenbuck1989,454,,[7],(),,,Squire,,[11]Kruse,,,,,[12]Gibson&DavidsonTamworth,,,[13],Hayllar&GriffinTheRocks,TheRocks[14]Bricker&KerstetterAmericanRiver,,[15],,,McAvoy,,,[16]Young,,[17],,,DustinDevilsTower:DevilsTower,[18]()(),,,Kyle&Mowen,,,,[19],,Bricker&Kerstetter,,,,[20]Kyle&Graefe,,[21];,[22],,,,,(,),,,,455,4,,:?,,???,,,,,,,:[1]TuanY.F.Humanisticgeography[J].AnnalsoftheAssociationofAmericanGeographers,1976,(66):266-276.[2]TuanY.F.SpaceandPlace[M].London:EdwardArnold,1977.[3]PredA.Placeashistoricalcontigentprocess:Structurationandthetimegeographyofbecomingplaces[J].AnnalsoftheAssociationofAmericangeographers,1984,74:279-297.[4]RelphE.PlaceandPlacelessness[M].London:Pion,1976.[5].[M].,.:,2004.[6]CanterD.ThePsychologyofPlace[M].NewYork:StMartin'sPress,1977.[7]WilliamsD.R.,Roggenbuck,J.W.Measuringplaceattachment:Somepreliminaryresults[A].InL.H.McAvoy,D.Howard(eds.).Abstracts-1989LeisureResearchSymposium[C].ArlingtonVA:NationalRecreationandParkAssociation,1989:32.[8]LowS.M.,AltmanI.PlaceAttachment:AConceptualInquiry.InI.Altman,S.M.Low(eds.).Placeattachment.NewYork:PlenumPress,1992,1-12.[9]McandrewF.T.Themeasurementofrootednessandtheredictionofattachmenttohome-townincollegestudents[J].JournalofEnvironmentalPsychology,1998,(18):409-417.[10]TuanY.F.Rootednessversussenseofplace[J].Landscape,1980,(24):3-8.[11]SquireS.WordsworthandLakeDistricttourism:Romanticreshapingoflandscape[J].CanadianGeographer,1988,32(3):237-247.[12]KruseR.J.TheBeatlesasplacemakers:NarratedlandscapesinLiverpool,England[J].JournalofCulturalGeography,Spring/Summer2005,22(2):87-114.[13]GibsonC.,DavidsonD.Tamworth,Australia'sCountryMusicCapital:Placemarketing,rurality,andresidentreactions[J].JournalofRuralStudies,2004,(20):387-404.[14]HayllarB.,GriffinT.Theprecinctexperience:Aphenomenologicalapproach[J].TourismManagement,2005,(26):517-528.[15]BrickerK.S.,KerstetterO.L.AninterpretationofspecialplacemeaningsWhitewaterrecreationists'attachtotheSouthForkoftheAmericanRiver[J].TourismGeographies,2002,4(4):396-425.[16]McAvoyL.AmericanIndians,placemeaningsandtheold/newWest[J].JournalofLeisureResearch,2002,34(4):383-396.[17]YoungM.,Thesocialconstructionoftouristplaces[J].AustralianGeographer,1999,30(3):373-389.[18]DustinD.,SchneiderI.,MaAvoyL.Cross-culturalclaimsonDevilsTowerNationalMonument:Acasestudy[J].LeisureSciences,2002,24:1-10.[19]KyleG.T.,MowenA.J.Linkingplacepreferenceswithplacemeaning:Anexaminationoftherelationshipbetweenplacemotivationandplaceattachment[J].JournalofEnvironmentalPsychology,2004,(24):439-454.[20]BrickerK.S.,KerstetterO.L.Levelofspecializationandplaceattachment:AnexploratorystudyofWhitewaterrecreationists[J].LeisureSciences,2000,22:233-257.[21]KyleG.,GraefeA.Effectofactivityinvolvementandplaceattachmentonreceationists'perceptionsofsettingdensity[J].JournalofLeisureResearch,2004,36(2):209-231.[22]KyleG.,GraefeA.Effectsofplaceattachmentonusersperceptionsofsocialandenvironmentalconditionsinanaturalsetting[J].JournalofEnvironmentalPsychology,2004,(24):213-225.TheApplicationofPlaceTheoryinTourismResearchCHENYun-zhen(SchoolofGeographyandOceanographySciences,NanjingUniversity,Nanjing210093,China)Abstract:Placetheoryviewstherelationshipbetweenhumanandplaceinemotional,psychological,culturalandethicalperspectives.Placeisspacegivenmeaningbyhumanexperienceinit.Senseofplacereferstoasetofidentitiesofandattachmentstoaplacethatareheldbyindividualsorgroups.Touristdestinationsareplaces,touristexperienceisasenseofplace.Therefore,itisreasonableandnecessarytoemploytheplacetheorytotourismresearch.Thepaperpresentsresearchesonplacetheorywithregardtohumanisticgeographyandenvironmentalpsychology,aswellastheirimplicationfortourism.Somefurtherresearchesareproposed.Keywords:place;senseofplace;placetheory;tourismresearch[:]456