公开课 猜测词义

Welcometoourclass!Korea-TheboydancingwithSouthKoreansingerPsyintheworldfamousvideoGangnamStylehasalsorisentofameovernight.Seven-year-oldLittlePsyhasgonesolo,andwillreleasehisownsinglenextweek.TopnewsSHANGHAI-Apigvirushasbeendetectedinawatersampleofariverwhere1,200deadpigshadbeenfishedout,Shanghaiauthoritiessaid.TopnewsTopnewsJamesscoredaseason-low13points,butitdidn’tmatterastheMiamiHeatwontheir18thstraightgameinthisseason,easilytoppingtheIndianaPacers（印第安纳步行者）105-91onSundaynight.阅读理解技巧—猜测词义猜测词义是英语阅读的一种重要技巧，也是高考中常考的题型，是考查学生对文章上下文语境理解及词汇量等多方面综合能力。词义猜测题常见的考查形式：1)Thephrase“…”inthesentencecouldbereplacedby_________.2)Theword“…”intheparagraphrefersto______.3)Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordintheparagraph?/Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?4)Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtothephrase”…”?5)Bysaying“…”inthefirst(second…)paragraph,theauthormeansthat______.6)Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standfor?考查方向：1.熟词新意，即熟悉词汇的陌生含义；2.复合词的含义的理解，对于衍生词汇的理解能力；3.根据上下文对代词的指代含义的理解能力；4.根据上下文对不认识单词的词义判断能力；5.对谚语、俗语、俚语含义的理解能力；6.通过近义词、反义词和常识理解词汇的能力。解题方法定义解释法举例法同义词、反义词和对比关系法因果关系法构词法上下文语境法派生转换合成生活常识【例1】Inslangthetermjamconstitutesastateofbeinginwhichapersonfindshimselforherselfinadifficultsituation.词义：_________Skill1：通过定义或解释来猜测定义常由定语从句或becalled，beknownas,bedefinedas，constitute，referto等词汇或破折号，冒号，括号来引导。解释常由or,thatis(tosay),inotherwords，toputitanotherway引出一些具体的解释性的短语。困境Practice1:Youshouldneverputacottonswaborotherobjectintotheearcanal.Butyoucanuseaswaborclothtocleantheouterpartoftheear.Theexpertsagreewiththeoldsayingthatyoushouldneverputanythingsmallerthanyourelbowinyourear.Whatdoesa“swab”mostlyprobablymean?_____A.somethingsoft,smallandusedinclinicsB.somethinghard,longandusedathomeC.somethingthin,wetandlikeanelbowD.somethingsafe,bigandlikeatoyＡ【例２】1.Youmayborrowfromthelibraryanyperiodicals:Nature,NewsWeek,TimesandThelistener.___________2.Someartistsplantheirpaintingsaroundgeometricformslikesquares,circlesandtriangles.＿＿＿＿＿＿期刊几何的★Skill２：通过举例进行猜测常用suchas,like，forexample,forinstance等引出例子。Practice2:IleftuniversitywithagooddegreeinEnglishLiterature,butnosenseofwhatIwantedtodo.Overthenextsixyears,Iwastreadingwater,justtryingtoearnanincome.Itriedjournalism,butIdidn’tthinkIwasanygood,thenfinance,whichIhated.Finally,Igotajobasarightsassistantatafamouspublisher.Ilovedworkingwithbooks,althoughthejobthatIdidwasdull.(2012四川)WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph1mean?＿＿＿A.Iwaswaitingforgoodfortune.B.Iwastryingtofindanadmirablejob.C.Iwasbeingaimlessaboutasuitablejob.D.Iwasdoingseveraljobsformorepayatatime.Ｃ【例3】1.AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest.词义：________2.Mr.Smithlovestotalk,andhiswifeissimilarlyloquacious.词义：________★Skill３：通过同义或反义关系进行猜测表示对比或转折的常见信息词有：but，yet，however，while，ontheotherhand，onthecontrary，incontrastof，inspiteof，instead等，有时也用破折号或冒号表示对比。表示同义的常见信息词有：or,like,similarly等。傲慢的爱说话的Pracitce3:EventheEthiopianpublichasonlyseenLucytwice.TheLucyonexhibitionattheEthiopianNationalMuseuminthecapital,AddisAbaba,isareplicawhiletherealremainsareusuallylockedinasecretstoreroom.(2012大纲全国II)Whatdoesthewords“areplica”inParagraph2referto?A.Apaintingoftheskeleton.B.AphotographofLucyC.Acopyoftheskeleton.D.AwrittenrecordofLucy.C★Skill4：通过因果关系进行猜测表示因果关系的信息词有：since,as,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,dueto,resultin,forthisreason,sothat等。【例4】Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.词义：________巨大的Practice4Whensomekindofpainkillerwasbroughtoutrecently,researchersfoundthatthecoloursturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective.Eventually,itcomeonthemarketinadarkblueandwhitepackage-bluebecausewethinkofitassafe,andwhiteascalm.(2004广东)Theunderlinedpart“thecoloursturnedthecustomersoff”meansthatthecolours＿＿＿.A.attractedthecustomersstronglyB.hadweakeffectsonthecustomersC.trickedthecustomersintoshoppingD.causedthecustomerstoloseinterestＤ【例５】Sharksareamongthefewanimalsintheworldthatalmostnevergetcancerandeyecataracts.Understandingwhycanhelpusimprovehumanhealth.Chemicalsextractedfromsharkcartilagehavekilledcanceroustumorsinlaboratoryanimals,aresearchthatsomedaycouldhelpprolongyourlife.Theunderlinedword“prolong”intheparagraphmeans______.A.saveB.protectC.lengthenD.improveC构词法合成有两个或更多的词合成一个词派生在词根上加上前、后缀构成另一个单词转化将一种词性转化成另一种词性Classify:pathwayextraordinarymaturityplacefrustrationfreeeverydayriversideantiwarpathwayeverydayriversideextraordinarymaturityfrustrationantiwarplacefree★Skill5：Practice5:Innutrition(营养)itwasallgoodnewstoo.Thisnice-tastingpineapplecontainedfourtimesmorevitaminC(维生素C)thantheoldgreenvariety.Nutritionistssaidthatitwasnotonlyfullofvitamins,butalsogoodagainstsomediseases.Peoplewereunderstandablyeagertobeabletobuythiswonderfulfruit.Thenewtypeofpineapplewassellingfast,andtheDelMonteGoldpineapplerapidlybecameafixtureintheshoppingbasketofthehealthyeater.Theunderlinedword“fixture”inParagraph3probablyreferstosomething__________.A.thatpeopleenjoyeatingB.thatisalwayspresentC.thatisdifficulttogetD.thatpeopleuseasagiftB【例6】ISScrewmembersusuallyliveinspaceforatleasta