碳交易计价结算货币_理论_现实与选择

©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:--,,,,,,,,::,;,?,3:L08E0420091,110128JournalofContemporaryAsia2PacificStudies(Bimonthly)011©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(,ppm),,384ppm,,;,,;,;,,,,2012,,,(JI)(IET),(CDM)1820,,????,,,,111:,,2008926©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:,;,,;,,,--,,20,(GoldmanSachsCommoditiesIndex)24,(RBOB)64151%,,,,16,,,,211DwyerP.GeraldandJamesR.Lothian,InternationalMoneyandCommonCurrenciesinHis2toricalPerspective,OxfordUniversityPress,2003,pp.829.:,20053,11S&PGSCICommodityIndex,January16,2009.©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(),1816,1837100,1867100019238073,29%,,,,90%,,,19311DwyerP.GeraldandJamesR.Lothian,InternationalMoneyandCommonCurrenciesinHis2toricalPerspective,p.10.:,11::,,20074,17©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:,2070,,(OPEC)12,,,,,,,,--,,,,411:,20068(),64::,17©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(20082012)1990512%,1()1(),1,1519908%,7%(2001),6%,1,,15BAU(business-as-usual,),(20082012)5514IETJICDM,,,,IET(AAU),JI511PointCarbonAnnualReport,2006,p.5.©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(ERU)AAUERU,CDM,(CERs),CDM,,,2005,200616200727,68175%2007400,20062208118%,20082007,200842,200756%15/,630120042008()()20040194317720057199942006162202007274002008()183802008()42630:(PointCarbonAnnualReports),,,,2008(20082012),1,,5,20082012,600,20121500,611PointCarbonAnnualReport,2008,p.23.©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(UN2FCCC),UNFCCC,2009,,2008,,2009,,,,,WTO,,,()Grassman,(Grassman),2090,BacchettaVanWincoop,,,711SvenGrassman,AFundamentalSymmetryinInternationalPaymentPatterns,JournalofInternationalEconomics,Vol.3,1973,pp.1052116.©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:(1),;(2),,,,,,(EUETS)CDMJI,(CCX)(GGAS)12007:PointCarbonAnnualReport,2008.1,EUETS20071615,280,62%70%CDM(CDMCDM),20079147,120,35%29%JIEUETS-(Cap-and811PhilippeBacchettaandEricVanWincoop,ATheoryoftheCurrencyDenominationofInter2nationalTrade,ECBWorkingPaper,No.177,September2002,pp.728.:,20076,36©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.)ETS(NAPs),,111ETS:20052007,,44%2722198(EUAs,1EUA=1tCO2)20082012,,2720198EUAs,NAPs10.4%,,,EUAsGrassman,EUETS,,70%CDM2,CDM,CER,,NAM,CDM,,(CCX),CDM,,,CDMTavlas1991:,911:,20085,14StateandTrendsoftheCarbonMarket2008,TheWorldBank,p.9.:,200810,97GeorgeS.Tavlas,OntheInternationalUseofCurrencies:TheCaseoftheDeutscheMark,InternationalEconomics,No.181,March1991,p.7.©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(AAU),2008AAU5,(CCX)(GGAS),,,CCX2007CCX021PointCarbonAnnualReport,2008,p.39.©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(Lieberman-WarnerBill)-75%,215,,(RGGI)200911,10(2008RGGI)732010(WCI)WCI,,102012,ETS,,-RGGIWCI1/52005WCI13WCI85%11,,2012,(),,(NYMEX)(WTI);,(LME),,,,,,121StateandTrendsoftheCarbonMarket2008,TheWorldBank,p.17.WCIMarketCouldCreateNearly1BillionAllowances,July25,2008.©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(ECX)(Powernext)(NordPool)(EEX)(EXAA)(Bluenext)EEXEX2AAEUA,EUAECXEUA,2005201212EUA2007,ECX400EUA,6,CERCERECXNordPoolCERCER,ECX20083CER,11600CO2,,CCX(CCFE)(NYMEX),,EUETS80%(OTC),(LEBA)OTC54%,(UKETS)EUETS,,,,(MCX)EUA5CER,(NC2DEX)20084CER,8700200812CER,200812CER221:,13StateandTrendsoftheCarbonMarket2008,TheWorldBank,p.8.©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:2050,200560%80%;202014%,2020,(JEPX)200810(TSE),,,-,,,,,,(GGAS)2010,2008419,821(ACX)(ASX)2009GGAS,,20067(MCeX)20087,321CDMJI616,2008820!20082008.pdfAustralianCarbonPriceFirmsasCountryReadiesforETS,August7,2008.©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(BM&F)(ACX),(),,:,,,,,Tavlas,,3:1421:,36GeorgeS.Tavlas,OntheInternationalUseofCurrencies:TheCaseoftheDeutscheMark,p.7.©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(VE