动词不定式用法复习

RevisetheInfinitiveMartysays…2.Iusedtoclimbtrees,swimandplayfootball.3.ThenIstartedtogetweakerandweaker.1.Unfortunately,thedoctorsdon’tknowhowtomakemebetter,butIamveryoutgoingandhavelearnedtoadapttomydisability.4.Evenafterallthat,noonecouldgivemydiseaseanameanditisdifficulttoknowwhatthefutureholds.5.Sometimes,too,Iwastooweaktogotoschoolsomyeducationsuffered.6.MyambitionistoworkforafirmthatdevelopscomputersoftwarewhenIgrowup.Martysays…Martysays…7.LastyearIinvented…andabigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.8.Ialsohavetodoalotofwork,especiallyifIhavebeenawayforawhile.9.Justacceptthemforwhotheyare,andgivethemencouragementtoliveasrichandfullalifeasyoudo.不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”不定式动词不定式的时态和语态形式主动被动一般式进行式完成式完成进行式todotohavedonetobedoingtohavebeendoingtobedonetohavebeendone(1)Theypretendednottoseeus.(2)Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3)Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后。)(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行。)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。)(4)We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续。)不定式的语态主动语态todo被动语态tobedoneItisanhonorformetobeinvitedtoattendthemeeting.Everyonelikestheherotobepraised.动词不定式的作用FunctionsofInfinitive1主语(subject)2表语(predicative)3宾语(object)4宾补(objectcomplement)5定语(attribute)6状语(adverbial)7独立结构(absoluteconstruction)不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to。1.Shecoulddonothingbutcry.2.Ihavenochoicebuttogo.3.Whatdoyouliketodobesidessleep.listentohearwatch五看seelookatobservenotice三使letmakehave二听一感觉:feel+sbdosth（不带to）1.Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyfromthetree.Theboywasseentofallsuddenlyfromthetree.但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原：2.MothermadeJohnwashthecarforaweek.Johnwasmadetowashthecarforaweek.5不定式作定语(attribute)1.Kateislookingforasuitablecoattowear.2.Tomhasanicepentowritewith.不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后1.下列名词常接不定式作定语：ability/ambition/attempt/chance/promise/right/way…Hispromisetohelpmeexcitedme.2.名词由onlylastnext或序数词、最高级修饰Heisalwaysthelastonetoleavetheoffice.3.表示即将发生的动作。TheconferencetotakeplaceinShanghaiisofgreatimportance.通常接不定式作定语的几种情况：4.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。注意比较：1)Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么东西要寄吗？2)Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（不定式tosend的动作执行者是you）（不定式tobesent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someoneelse）5.如果不定式是不及物动词,则后面需适当的介词。Pleasepassmesomepapertowrite____.onHeislookingforaroomtoliveineg:Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.1.表示目的:toinordertosoasto不定式作状语2.表示原因:不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed等。eg:I’mglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.1）so…….astodo…such…….astodo…enoughtodotoo……todoHewassofoolishastobelieveit.=Hewassuchafoolastobelieveit.=Hewasfoolishenoughtobelieveit.3.结果状语:Hiseyesightistoopoortoreadsuchsmallletters2）出乎意料，意想不到的结果，常和only连用Totellthetruth,Iamnothappyatthemoment.•tobefrank•tobehonest•totellthetruth7独立结构(absoluteconstruction)1.Itisgoodtohelpothers.2.Itismyambitiontomakesurethatthedisabledpeopleinourneighborhoodhaveaccesstoallpublicbuildings.3.MyambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.Identifyitsfunction.(subject)(subject)(predicative)想一想4.Idon’thavetimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself.5.Iamtheonlystudentinmyclasstohaveapetsnake.6.Abigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.7.MyfellowstudentshavebeguntoacceptmeforwhoIam.(attribute)(attribute)(object)(object)8.Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife.9.SomedaysIamtootiredtogetoutofbed.10.Wemustcallonlocalgovernmenttogivefinancialassistancetodisabledpeople.(adverbial)(adverbial)(objectcomplement)几对易混淆的词组：stoptodosth.停下来去做某事doingsth.停止做某事forgettodosth.忘记去做某事doingsth.忘记已做了某事remembertodosth.记得去做某事doingsth.记得曾经做某事Thequestionisverydifficulttoanswer.Theproblemisdifficulttodealwith.1.主语＋be+adj.+todo能用于此句型的形容词有:difficult,easy,comfortable,fit,hard,pleasant,tiresome(使人疲劳的),interesting,nice,heavy,dangerous,light,important,etc.主动形式表被动意义的不定式Theboxislightenoughtocarry.Theriverwateriswarmenoughtoswimin.2.主语+be+adj.+enough+todoThebooksseemedtooheavytocarry.Theiceistoothintoskateon.3.主语+be+too+adj.+todo