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当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 高中教育 > 定语从句与名词性从句用法区别
定语从句和名词性从句用法区别注:本课件为壹立特教育白文昌在新东方授课同步课件,为了壹立特、也为了考虑新东方,请下载使用的同学勿上传其他网络。难点概括如何区分定语从句与名词性从句1,定语从句与同位语从句的区别2,两种从句的引导词在句中的作用总体区别一、定语从句,引导词为关系词(两类)1、关系代词:who、whom、that、whose、which、as等2、关系副词:where、when、why等二、名词性从句,引导词为连接词(三类)1、连接代词:who,whose,whom,what,which等,有词义,在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2、连接副词:when,where,why,how。有词义,在从句中担任成分,作状语。3、连接词:that,whether,if,asif。that无词义,在从句中不担任成分,有时可省略;if(whether),asif虽有词义,但在从句中不担任成分。1.(2011年高考新课标全国卷)Theprizewillgotothewriter______storyshowsthemostimagination.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.What2.(2011年高考大纲全国卷)TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaTshirt,________isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which3.(2011年高考山东卷)I'mafraidhe'smoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichis________heneverfinishesanything.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.why4.(2011年高考天津卷)Modernsciencehasgivenclearevidence________smokingcanleadtomanydiseases.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where5.(2011年高考江西卷)Thevillagershavealreadyknown________we'lldoistorebuildthebridge.A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which1,定语从句:作用及性质引导词:关系词(两类)2,名词性从句:作用及性质引导词:连接词(三类)定语从句一、总述:1、定义:在复合句中用于修饰限定先行词的从句。2、功能:修饰、限定先行词、补充说明先行词;性质:从句3、分类:限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句4、关系词:关系代词、关系副词5、判断方法:划分句子成分(找主干、找句子主要成分);找先行词(名词或代词);翻译二、具体论述1、定语从句中关系代词的用法:在句中做主要成分(主、宾、表),起连词作用关系代词包括:who、whom、that、whose、which、as等先行词指人:Who(作主语)Whom(作宾语)that(作宾语是可以省略)Whose(属格,意为“••••的”)as先行词指物:that(不能引导非限制性定语从句)Which(不可指人)Whose(属格,意为“••••的”)as注:①whose是属格,在从句中作定语,可指人亦可指物;②that既可以指人又可以指物,但that不能引导非限制性定语从句(注意that和which在定语从句中充当的句子成分及意义的区别)③在定语从句中:whose+n=the+n+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+n(此时先行词通常指物)④Who一般在定语从句中作主语(在非正式英语中亦可作宾语);whom是who的宾格,在从句中作宾语。关系代词用that,which引导的定语从句区别1.通常只用that的情况(1)当先行词为all,few,little,much,anything,nothing,everything,none等时;(2)或者当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级和all,any,few,little,no,theonly,thevery,thelast等词修饰时,定语从句的关系代词要用that;(3)如果定语从句修饰两个先行词,其中一个指人,一个指物,那么定语从句的关系代词也应用that。Eg.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?2.通常只用which的情况当引导非限制性定语从句,指物或指代前面整个句子的内容,或放在介词后面指物时,只能用which。[典例1]Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething________wassomeoneelse'sfault.A.whoB.thatC.asD.what[典例2]Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Itooksometimeofftogotravelling,________turnedouttobeawisedecision.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.wherewho,whom,whose引导的定语从句1.如果先行词是指人的不定代词,如:anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,nobody,one,ones,those,all等,关系代词在定语从句中作主语时用who,作宾语时用whom/who。2.在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词指人且作主语时用who,作宾语时用whom/who。3.在定语从句中可以作定语的关系代词只有whose,表示物时相当于“the+名词+of+which”或“of+which+the+名词”;表示人时相当于“the+名词+of+whom”或“of+whom+the+名词”。[典例3]I'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool________ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.A.whoB.whereC.whenD.which3.关系副词的用法关系副词在定语从句中不充当主要成分,作状语,起连接作用;定语从句中关系副词有when、where、why等where,when,why的意义相当于“介词+which”。具体而言,where相当于“in/at+which”,when相当于“at/in/during+which”,why相当于“for+which”。(1)关系副词where引导定语从句时,只能在定语从句中作地点状语,定语从句修饰的先行词必须是表示地点的名词。(2)关系副词when引导定语从句时,只能在定语从句中作时间状语,定语从句修饰的先行词必须是表示时间的名词。(3)关系副词why引导定语从句时,只能在定语从句中作原因状语,定语从句修饰的先行词必须是表示原因的名词。[典例4]Thegirlarrangedtohavepianolessonsatthetrainingcentrewithhersister________shewouldstayforanhour.A.whereB.whoC.whichD.what[典例5](2011年高考浙江卷)Abankistheplace________theylendyouanumbrellainfairweatherandaskforitbackwhenitbeginstorain.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.there(4)that有时可用作关系副词。当先行词是theway,意为“方式、方法“时,可以用that作关系副词来引导定语从句,也可以用inwhich,或者省略引导词。that即thewayinwhich不填(/)注意:当先行词way不指“方法、方式”时,不能用that来作关系副词;当先行词是intheway(用这种方式)时,其后只能填which.eg、Idon'tlikethewaythat/inwhich/不填hespeakstome.注意区别于Youshouldtreathim(in)thewaythatsuitshimmost.(that作句子的主语,为关系代词)[典例6]Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut________hesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich介词+关系代词”的用法(1)介词的确定:介词的选择应根据定于从句中动词短语的习惯搭配或介词与先行词的搭配来确定。eg.Whoisthegirlwithwhomyoujustshookhands?(2)介词放在该关系代词之前时,关系代词只能用which或whom,而不能用that或who,当关系代词指人时,用whom;当关系代词指物时,用which.eg.ThisisthemanfromwhichIlearnedthenews.Hewroteabout20novels,ofwhichthisisthemostsuccessful.(3)当需要使用表示时间、地点或原因的先行词在从句中作状语时,也可以使用“介词+关系代词”的结构,一般情况下:Where=inwhichwhy=forwhichwhen=on/inwhichEg.Wecan'tfindthehousewhere/inwhichweusedtolive.(4)当先行词是指物时,作定语的whose+n=the+n+ofwhich或Whose+n=ofwhich+the+neg.Helivesintheroomofwhichthewindowfacessouth.=Helivesintheroomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.=Helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.注意:有些固定短语中的介词不能移动到关系代词前面,移动后会产生歧义,难以表达清楚句子的意思。eg.Thisisthewatchwhichyouarelookingfor.(for不能提前)Heisakindofmanwhomyoucansafelydependon.(on不能提前)名词性从句:引导名词性从句的连接词1、连接代词:who,whose,whom,what,which。有词义,在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2、连接副词:when,where,why,how。有词义,在从句中担任成分,作状语。3、连接词:that,whether,if,asif。that无词义,在从句中不担任成分,有时可省略;if(whether),asif虽有词义,但在从句中不担任成分。注意:连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句,因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分,连接词whether和if(是否),asif(好象)在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。根据句义,如果连接代词与连接副词,whether、if和asif都用不上时,才用that作连接词(that本身无任何含义)。[名词性从句]定义:具有名词功能的从句分类:主语、宾语、表语、同位语引导词:连接词(三类)一、主语从句1.分清引导主语从句的三类引导词:(1)that不充当句子成分,本身无意义,仅起连接作用,但不能省略,通常用it作形式主语。(2)who,whom,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever本身有意义,在句中作主语或宾语,不能省略。(3)where,when,how,why本身有意义,在句中作状语。2.注意whoever,whatever,whichever等引导主语从句的含义。3.由it作形式主语的句型(1)It+be+形容词(obvious,natural,good,funny,etc.)+that从句。(2)It+be+名词性词组(nowonder,anhonour,apity,nosurprise,etc.)+that从句。(3)It+be+过
本文标题:定语从句与名词性从句用法区别
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