必修五 Unit 1 Great scientists-Warming up & reading[课

Unit1GreatScientistsDoyouknow?Whodiscoveredthatobjectsinwaterareliftedupbyaforcethathelpsthemfloat?Whowroteabookexplaininghowanimalsandplantsdevelopedastheenvironmentchanged?ArchimedesCharlesDarwinWhoinventedthefirststeamengine?ThomasNewcomenWhousedpeastoshowhowphysicalcharacteristicsarepassedformparentstotheirchildren?GregorMendelWhodiscoveredradium?Whoinventedthewayofgivingelectricitytoeverybodyinlargecities?Whowasthepainterthatstudieddeadbodiestoimprovehispaintingofpeople?MariesCurieThomasEdisonLeonardodaVinciWhoinventedalamptokeepminersafeunderground?Whoinventedtheearliestinstrumenttotellpeoplewhereearthquakeshappened?Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?SirHumphreyDavyZhangHengStephenHawkingDoyouknow?发明蒸汽机的并不是瓦特，他是改进纽可门的蒸气机并发明出双动作，使世界进入“蒸气时代”的，使他成为第一次工业革命中的名气最大的发明家。1865年，修士孟德尔在一个会议上报告了他通过长达八年的实验研究和他所统计的多达两万一千多件样本的实验结果，利用豌豆实验发现了植物的遗传规律，但是孟道尔的理论超出了当时人们能够接受的水平。35年后，三国科学家几乎是同时发现了植物遗传的规律。而当他们准备发表论文，去查阅文献时，又不约而同地发现，早在35年前孟德尔就发现这样的规律了。他们三个人在发表论文时，都提到了孟德尔的文章，称自己的工作是证实了孟德尔的定律。这就是生物学史上的有名的“孟德尔定律的再发现”。英国化学家、诗人汉弗莱·戴维。1778年出生。他小时聪明、淘气，不喜欢读书，喜欢玩乐。他不到20岁时，父亲去世。为了养家糊口，他到当地一位医生那当学徒，从此接触并喜欢上化学，因为觉得自己知识浅薄，他就自订计划发奋用功，凭着他的天资和勤奋，很快掌握了七种语言和不少科学知识，并最终成为了英国皇家学会的主席。1798年戴维的名声随着他对笑气的发现而传遍了整个英国。他还带病专门研究火焰，发明了矿用安全灯（1816），这种灯一直到今天仍叫戴维灯，曾挽救了成千上万名矿工的生命。DoyouknowJohnSnow?Doyouknowwhatkindofdiseaseischolera?JohnSnowisawell-knowndoctorinthe19thcenturyinLondonandhedefeated“KingCholera”.Itisakindofterriblediseasecausedbydrinkingdirtywateranditcausedalotofdeathsintheoldtimesanditwasverydifficulttodefeat.Let’sgettoknowhowDr.JohnSnowdefeated“KingCholera”in1854inLondoninthisreadingpassage:JohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”Doyouknowwhatdidthismapwasusedforin1854?FindingoutthecauseofCholera.Whodefeats“KingCholera“?Whathappenedin1854?Howmanypeoplediedin10days?WhyistherenodeathatNo.20and21BroadStreetaswellasatNo.8and9CambridgeStreet?JohnSnowCholeraoutbreakhitLondon.500ThesefamilieshadnotdrunkthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpump.Task1:SkimandScanTask2:Readandanswer1Whycouldn’tthecholerabeundercontrolatfirst?2WhichtheorydidJohnSnowbelievein?3JohnSnowfinallyprovedthetheoryhebelievedby________.A.gatheringinformationwiththehelpofamapB.lookingintothesourceofthewaterforBroadStreetandCambridgeStreetC.Separatingthosewhosufferedcholerafromthosewhodidn’tD.BothAandB4Topreventthecholerafromspreadingagain,whatdidJohnSnowdo?1Whycouldn’tthecholerabeundercontrolatfirst?2WhichtheorydidJohnSnowbelievein?Neitheritscause,notitscurewasunderstood.Peopleabsorbedcholeraintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.3JohnSnowfinallyprovedthetheoryhebelievedby________.A.gatheringinformationwiththehelpofamapB.lookingintothesourceofthewaterforBroadStreetandCambridgeStreetC.separatingthosewhosufferedcholerafromthosewhodidn’tD.bothAandB4Topreventthecholerafromspreadingagain,whatdidJohnSnowdo?Suggestedthatthesourceofallwatersuppliesbeexamine.Suggestedthatnewmethodsofdealingwithpollutedwaterbefound.Instructedthewatercompaniesnottoexposepeopletothepollutedwateranymore.MindMapofthetextJohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”Paragraph1:IntroductionofJohnSnowandCholeraParagraph2:TwotheoryFindaProblem:Whatcausethecholera?Makeaquestion:Whichisright?Paragraph3-5:Studyofthebreakoutin1854Paragraph3:Studyofthebreakoutin1854Thinkofamethod:TesttwotheoryCollecttheresult:MarkthedeathAnalysetheresult:ReasonfordeathandnodeathParagraph4:Studyofthebreakoutin1854Paragraph5:Studyofthebreakoutin1854Analysetheresult:FindtheresourceofthewaterRepeatifnecessary:Findmoreevidence.Drawaconclusion:CholerawasspreadbygermPollutedwatercarriedcholeraParagraph6:PreventionofCholeraJohnSnowdefeatKingCholeraThepassageiswrittenasareportofanexperimentandthereare7steps:1.Findaproblem:(发现问题)2.Makeupaquestion:(形成研究主题)3.Thinkofamethod:(找出研究方法)4.Collectresults:(收集材料)5.Analyseresults:(分析材料)6.Repeatifnecessary:(必要时重新分析)7.Drawaconclusion:(得出结论)ReadthepassageagainandfinishEx.1(Page3).TheproblemThecauseIdea1:Idea2:ThemethodScientificReportbyJohnSnowNobodyknewthecauseoftheseriousdiseaseofcholeraastrangecloudofgasfounditsvictimspeopleabsorbedthediseasewithmealsCollectinformationfromthecholeraoutbreaktoprovewhichtheorywascorrectTheresultsIdea1or2?Why?TheconclusionHefoundthecauseofcholerawasthepollutedwaterIdea2.BecausetheinformationshowedthatthedirtywatercarriedcholeraHedefeatedcholerabyexaminingthewatersupplyanddealingwiththepollutedwaterReadthepassageagainandfillintheblanks:JohnSnowwasawell-known______inLondoninthe___century.Hewantedtofindthe______ofcholerainorderto______it.In1854whenacholera______out,hebegantogatherinformation.He______onamapwhereallthedeadpeoplehadlivedandhefoundthatmanypeoplewhohaddrunkthedirtywaterfromthe______died.Sohedecidedthatthepollutedwatercarriedcholera.Hesuggestedthatthe_____ofallwatersupplybe_______andnewmethodsof________withpollutedwaterbefound.Finally,“KingCholera”wasdefeated.doctor19thcausedefeatbrokemarkedpumpsourceexamineddealingRetellthepassageaccordingtobelow:JohnSnowwasawell-known____inLondoninthe___century.Hewantedtofindthe______ofcholerainorderto______it.In1854whenacholera____out,hebegantogatherinformation.He_____onamapwhereallthe