限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

GrammarTheRestrictiveAttributiveClauseTheNon-restrictiveAttributiveClause下面两个句子只有一个逗号之差，意义大相径庭。a)Hewillwearnoclotheswhichwillmakehimdifferentfromothers.b)Hewillwearnoclothes,whichwillmakehimdifferentfromothers.他不会穿一些使他显得与众不同的衣服。他不穿衣服，这会使他显得与众不同。1．限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。如：a)Whatisthenameofthetallwomanwhoisstandingthere?站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字?b)Torontoisacity(that)I'vealwayswantedtovisit.多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句2．非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that引导。非限制性定语从句中，关系词不可省略。如：a)Rome,whichisthecapitalofItaly,hasaverylonghistory.意大利的首都罗马历史非常悠久。b)YesterdayImetProfessorKing,whocamefromtheUniversityofLondon.昨天我遇见金教授，他从伦敦大学来的。c)Helentmeadictionary,whichwasjustwhatIneeded.他借给我一本词典，这正是我所需要的。3.大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊场合非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由which引导.这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。eg.Amiddle-agedwomankilledherhusband,whichfrightenedmeverymuch.一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫，这事令我十分恐惧。Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.4、as引导定语从句，多与such和thesame连用，在从句中作主语或宾语。1.Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays.2.Let’sdiscussonlysuchquestionsasconcerneveryoneofus.3.Asweallknow,Johnisanhonestman.比较：SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMarry’swedding.Wouldyoupleasebuymethesamenovelasyouboughtforbrotheryesterday,Mum?thesame修饰先行词时，同一个用that，同一类用asThisisthesamecomputerthatIusedyesterday.ThisisthesamecomputerasIusedyesterday.Ihavethesameopinionas/thatyouhave.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整译法上翻译成先行词的定语，“…的…”通常翻译成主句的并列句关系词的使用上A.做宾语时可省略B.可用thatC.可用who代替whomA.不可省B.不用thatC.不用who代替whomJointhepairsofsentencesusingattributiveclauses(restrictiveornon-restrictive)1.Herearethefarmerswhodiscoveredtheunder-groundcitylastmonth.2.HangzhouisafamouscityinChina,wheremanypeoplecometobuytea.3.Idon'tknowthereasonwhyshegotsoangry.4.YouaretalkingtotheoldmanwhosawsomeGermanstakingaparttheAmberRoomandremovingit./Theoldman,whoyouaretalkingto,sawsomeGermanstakingaparttheAmberRoomandremovingit.6.StPetersburgisaverybeautifulcity,whichwasoncecalledLeningrad.7.IrememberthesoldierwhotoldmenottotellanyonewhatIhadseen.5.ThewomanrememberedthedaywhenshesawNazisburyingsomethingnearherhome./StPetersburg,whichwasoncecalledLeningrad,isaverybeautifulcity10.ShanxiProvinceisaplacewhose/whereculturalrelicsarewelllookedafter,9.Xi'anisoneofthefewcitieswhosecitywallsremainasgoodasbefore.8.Thesoldiersmovedtheboxestoamine,wheretheywantedtohidethem.Thankyou