语言学题目有答案

Chapter1InvitationstoLinguistics1.Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuman__________.A.contactB.communicationC.relationD.community2.Whichofthefollowingwordsisentirelyarbitrary?A.treeB.typewriterC.crashD.bang3.Thefunctionofthesentence“Waterboilsat100degreesCentigrade.”is__________.A.interrogativeB.directiveC.informativeD.performative4.InChinesewhensomeonebreaksabowloraplatethehostorthepeoplepresentarelikelytosay“碎碎（岁岁）平安”asameansofcontrollingtheforceswhichtheybelievesfeelmightaffecttheirlives.Whichfunctionsdoesitperform?A.InterpersonalB.EmotiveC.PerformativeD.Recreational5.Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation?A.TransferabilityB.DualityC.DisplacementD.Arbitrariness6.Studythefollowingdialogue.Whatfunctiondoesitplayaccordingtothefunctionsoflanguage?—Aniceday,isn’tit?—Right!Ireallyenjoythesunlight.A.EmotiveB.PhaticC.PerformativeD.Interpersonal7.__________referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinutterances.A.PerformanceB.CompetenceC.LangueD.Parole8.Whenadogisbarking,youassumeitisbarkingforsomethingoratsomeonethatexistshearandnow.Itcouldn’tbesorrowfulforsomelostloveorlostbone.Thisindicatesthedesignfeatureof__________.A.culturaltransmissionB.productivityC.displacementD.duality9.__________answerssuchquestionsashowweasinfantsacquireourfirstlanguage.A.PsycholinguisticsB.AnthropologicallinguisticsC.SociolinguisticsD.Appliedlinguistics10.__________dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.A.LinguistictheoryB.PracticallinguisticsC.AppliedlinguisticsD.ComparativelinguisticsII.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(10%)11.Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Therefore,thecommunicationwayusedbythedeaf-muteisnotlanguage.12.Languagechangeisuniversal,ongoingandarbitrary.13.Speakingisthequickestandmostefficientwayofthehumancommunicationsystems.14.Languageiswrittenbecausewritingistheprimarymediumforalllanguages.15.Wewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,whichmeansthedetailsofanylanguagesystemcanbegeneticallytransmitted.16.Onlyhumanbeingsareabletocommunicate.17.F.deSaussure,whomadethedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleintheearly20thcentury,wasaFrenchlinguist.18.AstudyofthefeaturesoftheEnglishusedinShakespeare’stimeisanexampleofthediachronicstudyoflanguage.19.Speechandwritingcameintobeingatmuchthesametimeinhumanhistory.20.Allthelanguagesintheworldtodayhavebothspokenandwrittenforms.35.Whydopeopletakedualityasoneoftheimportantdesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage?Canyoutelluswhatlanguagewillbeifithasnosuchdesignfeature?（南开大学，2004）36.Whyisitdifficulttodefinelanguage?（北京第二外国语大学，2004）VI.Analyzethefollowingsituation.(20%)37.Howcanalinguistmakehisanalysisscientific?（青岛海洋大学，1999）1~5BACCC6~10BACAC11~15FFTFF16~20FFFFF31.Designfeature:Itreferstothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethattellthedifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanysystemofanimalcommunication.32.Displacement:Itmeansthathumanlanguagesenabletheiruserstosymbolizeobjects,eventsandconcepts,whicharenotpresent(intimeandspace)atthemomentofcommunication.33.Competence:Itisanessentialpartofperformance.Itisthespeaker’sknowledgeofhisorherlanguage;thatis,ofitssoundstructure,itswords,anditsgrammaticalrules.Competenceis,inaway,anencyclopediaoflanguage.Moreover,theknowledgeinvolvedincompetenceisgenerallyunconscious.Atransformational-generativegrammarisamodelofcompetence.34.Synchroniclinguistics:Itreferstothestudyofalanguageatagivenpointintime.Thetimestudiedmaybeeitherthepresentoraparticularpointinthepast;synchronicanalysescanalsobemadeofdeadlanguages,suchasLatin.Synchroniclinguisticsiscontrastedwithdiachroniclinguistics,thestudyofalanguageoveraperiodoftime.35.Dualitymakesourlanguageproductive.Alargenumberofdifferentunitscanbeformedoutofasmallnumberofelements–forinstance,tensofthousandsofwordsoutofasmallsetofsounds,around48inthecaseoftheEnglishlanguage.Andoutofthehugenumberofwords,therecanbeastronomicalnumberofpossiblesentencesandphrases,whichinturncancombinetoformunlimitednumberoftexts.Mostanimalcommunicationsystemsdonothavethisdesignfeatureofhumanlanguage.Iflanguagehasnosuchdesignfeature,thenitwillbelikeanimalcommunicationalsystemwhichwillbehighlylimited.Itcannotproduceaverylargenumberofsoundcombinations,e.g.words,whicharedistinctinmeaning.36.Itisdifficulttodefinelanguage,asitissuchageneraltermthatcoverstoomanythings.Thus,definitionsforitallhavetheirownspecialemphasis,andarenottotallyfreefromlimitations.37.Itshouldbeguidedbythefourprinciplesofscience:exhaustiveness,consistency,economyandobjectivityandfollowthescientificprocedure:formhypothesis–collectdata–checkagainsttheobservablefacts–cometoaconclusion.1.Pitchvariationisknownas__________whenitspatternsareimposedonsentences.A.intonationB.toneC.pronunciationD.voice2.Conventionallya__________isputinslashes(//).A.allophoneB.phoneC.phonemeD.morpheme3.Anaspiratedp,anunaspiratedpandanunreleasedpare__________ofthepphoneme