高考英语阅读理解解题技巧_2015

阅读理解解题技巧主讲：方俊超阅读理解命题类细节类词意类推理类命题类可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。可能是从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。可能是文中某个具体事实或细节。(正确答案):据文章全面理解而归纳概括出来的；不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。干扰项1)Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?2)Whichofthefollowingcansummarisethemainideaofthistext?3)Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?4)Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?5)What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?命题类的常见的提问形式:BasicTraining---主旨大意题Passage1InspiteofthefactthatcarsfromGermanyandJapanarefloodingtheAmericanmarket,Ford,GeneralMotorsandChryslerareemployingmoreworkersthaneverbefore.ThefloodofcheaperforeigncarshasnotcastAmericanautoworkerstheirjobsassomeexpertspredicted.FordoperatesasfarasAsia,andGeneralMotorsisconsideredAustralian’sbiggestemployer.YetGeneralMotorshasitshugeAmericanworkforceandemployshundredsofpeopleeverydaytomeettheneedsofaninsatiable(不能满足的）society.Q：WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaoftheparagraphA.GMisoneofthelargestcarproducers.B.FordoperatesnotonlyintheU.S.A.,butalsoinAsia.C.TheforeigncarshavenottakenawaythejobsofAmericanautoworkers.D.ThefloodofthecheaperforeigncarsisterribleforAmericanautoworkers.【解析】C。takesth.awayofsb.和castsb.sth.的意思相似。本段落以一、二句引出要表达的主题，在主题句出现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问。所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。提问的特殊疑问词常有：what,who,which,where,how,why等。细节型解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。细节题范围过大、过小。偷换概念。正误并存，某个分句是正确的。解题方法:原文定位法。1.查读法：带着问题寻找答案，把注意力集中在与who,what,when,where问题有关的细节上。2.细心！干扰项1）Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?2）Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?3）Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat___.4）Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)___?常有以下几种命题方式：BasicTraining---细节型Passage2Thehumanbodyisalivingmachine,andlikeallmachines,itneedsfueltosupplyitwithenergy.Thatisthefoodweeat.Buthowmuchdoweneedtostayhealthy?Theenergyvalueoffoodisusuallymeasuredincalories.Acalorieistheamountofheatrequiredtoraisethetemperatureof1kgofwaterby1℃.Thenumberofcaloriespeopleneedperdayisdifferent,asthechartshows……Q1)____caloriesarerequiredtoraisethetemperatureof5kgofwaterfrom35℃to90℃.A.55B.175C.325D.275CALORIESNEEDEDPERDAYBaby750Officeworker2,700Childaged82,100Womanfeedingbaby2,700Manover702,100Boyaged163,000Woman3,600Farmer2,600Q2)WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothechartabove?A.Achildaged8requiresmorethan3timestheamountofcaloriesthatababydoes.B.Aboyaged16requiresnearlytwicetheamountofcaloriesthataboyaged8does.C.Anofficeworkerrequiresthesameamountofcaloriesperdayasawomanfeedingababydoes.D.Afarmerrequiresnearly1.5timestheamountofcaloriesthatanofficeworkerdoes.【解析】答案为D。根据文章细节内容，计算公式为：(90-35)×5×1=275【解析】答案为C。根据文章图表，依次验证A、B、C、D四个答案的内容是否正确。很易找出C符合图表内容。同义法常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。反义法如hotandcold,giveandreceive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。释义法对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。词义型情景推断法、代词替代法等1）文中找线索或信息词;2)根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意；3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。4.特别注意熟词新意！做题要领BasicTraining---词义猜测型Q:Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“illiterate”A.repeatB.reiteratedC.uneducatedD.sickPassage3:MostwomeninGhana——theeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandoldworktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.Theirreputationforeconomicindependence,self-reliance,andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved(应得的，值得的).【解释】这段文字中讲到加纳这个国家中的大多数妇女，受过教育的（educated）和没有受过教育的（illiterate）；住在城市的（urban）和住在农村的（rural），年轻的（young）和年长的（old）正好是一对对反义词。因此选C项。C推理判断题：高考重头戏，15个题中常有4-6个，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。推理型透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。推理判断题（做题要领）既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。常见的命题方式有：1.Thepassageimplies(暗示)that_______.2.Wecanconclude(得出结论)fromthepassagethat_____.3.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推论)?4.Whatisthetone(语气)oftheauthor?5.Whatisthepurpose(目的)ofthispassage?6.Thepassageisintendedto_____.7.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?BasicTraining---推理型Q:Theconceptofpersonalchoiceabouthealthisimportantbecause____.A.personalhealthchoiceshelpcuremostillnesses.B.ithelpsraisethelevelofourmedicalknowledge.C.itisbasictopersonalfreedominAmericansociety.D.wrongdecisionscouldleadtopoorhealth.Passage4Theconcept(n.观念)ofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.About90percentofallillnessesmightbepreventableifindividual(n.个人)madesound(adj.健康的)personalhealthchoicesbaseduponpresent(adj.现在的)medicalknowledge.Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeitlimitedwhenitiswithinthelegal(adj.法律的)andmoralboundaries(n.界限)ofsociety.ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayaffectourhealth.Ifwedodesire,wecansmoke,drinkmuch,refusetowearseatbelts,eatwhateverfoodwewant,andliveacompletelysedentary(adj.久坐的，劳心的)lifestylewithoutanyexercise.【解析】：D据前两句可以得知，不良的选择会导致健康状况变坏，因此答案选D。选出的答案一定要在原文中找到依据或理由，不能只凭常识或自己主观胡乱推测。Q:Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmajoruniversitiesaretryingtotightentheirgradingstandardsbecausetheybelieve_____.A.rewardingpoorperformance(n.成绩)maykillthecreativityofstud