高中英语名词性从句复习资料

重点语法名词性从句Nounclause一、定义:在复合句中相当于一个名词,做主语,宾语,表语,同位语的从句.二、引导词:1.连词:that,if,whether,asif2.连接代词:who,what,which,whose,whom以及wh＋ever三、引导词的作用1.连词只有连接的功能,而不在从句中充当成分.2.连接代词和连接副词不但有连接的功能,同时还要在从句中充当特定的成分,主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语.3.连接副词:when,where,why,because,how主语从句1.引导主语从句的关联词有三类:连词that,whether;疑问代词who,what,which;疑问副词when,where,how,why1）连词that无词意whether是否,在句子中不充当成分,只起连接作用;whether能引导主语从句,而if不能.1.Thatyoudon’tlikehimhasnothingtodowithme.2.WhetherTomwilldothisexperimentremainsaquestion.2）疑问代词who,what,which,在从句中既做连接词又充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。1.Whowillbesentabroadtofurtherhisstudiesisnotmentioned.2.Whichschoolwillwintheprizeisnotknown.3.Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.。3）疑问副词when,where,how,why在句中充当时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原因状语。1.Whentheywillstarthasn’tbeendecidedyet.2.Wheretheheroinewentisnotmentionedattheendofthestory.3.Howhemanagedtofinishthecompositioninsuchashorttimeisstillamystery.Whyheoftencomeshereisknowntousall.注意：主语从句能用it作形式上的主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。常以it作形式主语的句型有：A．It＋be＋形容词（well-known,obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.）＋that从句。如：Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.Itispossiblethathetoldhereverything.B.It＋be＋名词词组（nowonder,anhonour,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,commonknowledge,asurprise,afact,etc.）＋that从句。如：It’snosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.。c.It＋be＋过去分词（said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.）＋that从句。如：ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman-madeearthsatelliteintoorbit.Ithasbeensuggestedthatmuchworkshouldbedonetopreventtheriverfrombeingpolluted.D.itappears/seemsthat…似乎……Ithappensthat…碰巧……Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起……ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.E.It＋doesn’tmatter（makesnodifference,etc.）＋连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句。如：Itdoesn’tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.Itmakesnodifferencewhereweshallhavethemeeting.F.当it引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要用it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：Isittruethatthescientistwillgiveusalecturenextweek?Doesitmattermuchthattheywillnotcometomorrow?G.当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要用it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：Howstrangeitisthatthechildrenaresoquite!同位语从句一、定义：用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。二、用法：1.同位语从句的先行词多为fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,remark等，关联词多用从属连词that.如：Theywillallverymuchworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.1.WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome?2.EarlyinthedaycamethenewsthatGermanyhaddeclaredwaronRussia.注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如：3.Ihavenoideawhetherhe’llcomeornot.同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句2.连接代词who,which,what和连接副词where,when,why,how亦可引导同位语从句。1.Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.。2.Wehaven’tyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.。3.Itisaquestionhowhedidit.注意：①that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：Weexpressedthehope（that）theyhadexpressed.定语从句）WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.同位语从句）A．从语法角度上看，引导同位语从句的that是连词，只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何句子成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在句子中作主语或宾语等句子成分。B.从语义角度上看，同位语从句与前面的名词hope是同位关系，表示hope的内容是theywouldcometovisitChinaagain。因而同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词作补充说明；而定语从句与它前面的名词是所属关系，表示“……的”（他们曾经表示过的），起修饰作用，因此定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词。一般来说，我们可以将同位语从句改写成“主语＋be＋表语”结构。C.同位语从句的连词that不能省略，而定语从句的关系代词that，当其在宾语从句中作宾语时，可省略，但作主语也不可省略。1.ThenewsthatMr.LiwillbeournewEnglishteacheristrue.（同位语从句，that不可省。）。2.Thenews（that）hetoldmeyesterdayistrue.（定语从句，that在定语从句中作told的宾语，可省。）②引导定语从句的when,where,why是关系副词，在其前面分别有表示时间、地点、原因或方式意义的名词作先行词。1.IneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.。2.ThefactorywhereIonceworkedhaschangedalot.定语从句定语从句1.That’sthereasonwhyshedidn’tcometothemeeting.当when,why,where引导定语从句时，它们为连接副词。虽然它们在句子中充当句子成分，但前面却没有与其意义相当的先行词。2.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.。定语从句同位语从句1.Theproblemwherewegotthemachineneededhasalreadybeensolved.2.Hehassolvedthequestionwhyhewasill.③一些表示建议命令请求的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should＋动词原形表示，其中should可省。如：Thisisouronlyrequestthatthis（should）besettledassoonaspossible.这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。同位语从句