高中英语基本句型

基本句型1．主语+系动词+表语：Aforeignlanguageisaweaponinthestruggleoflife.Theplansoundsperfect.Thismaterialfeelssoft.ThisiswhereIwork.2．主语+谓语：Thetelephonerang.Hisfathermighthavedied.Weallbreathe,drinkandeat.注：这种结构中的谓语动词是不及物动词，状语并非结构上不可缺少的成分。但在某种情况下，不加状语便不能表达完整的意思，这就引出了下列句型：△主语+谓语+状语：Themeetinglastedfortwohours.Wewalkedforfivemiles.Thisboxweighsfivekilos.HelivesinGuangzhou.TheywillbeflyingtoLondon.3．主语+谓语+宾语：Sheisreadinganovel.Youmayhaveseeneachother.Heisdoingmorningexercises.Thisfactorymakesmachinetools.Maryhasorderedanewdress.Ihavehadmylunch.注：这种结构中的谓语动词是及物动词，后面只跟一个宾语，因此称单宾及物动词，一般不需状语即可表达完整的意思。但在某些情况下，状语必不可少，这就引出了下列句型：△主语+谓语+宾语+状语：Heputthevaseonthetable.Jimbroughthissuitcasesupstairs.I’lltakeMarytothestation.Theytreatedhimkindly.4．主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语：Shemadeherselfanewdress.Myfatherboughtmeanovel.Passmethesalt,please.注①：这种结构中的谓语动词一般只限于某些双宾语及物动词，它们可以分为两类：第一类：give,show,send,bring,offer,read,pass,lend,leave,tell,hand,return,write,pay,throw,allow,wish,teach,promise,owe,refuse等。第二类：make,buy,do,fetch,get,paint,play,save,reserve,spare,order,cook,sing,find等。注②：间接宾语有时可以改成一个由to或for引导的短语，这在意思上没有什么差别：I’llreturnyouthebooktomorrow.→I’llreturnthebooktoyoutomorrow.ShemadeanewdressforMary.→ShemadeMaryanewdress.注③：第一类可以改为由to引导的短语；第二类可以改为由for引导的短语。注④：间接宾语用介词词组表示的场合：a.对间接宾语加以强调时：I’veboughtitforyou,notformyself.I’llhandthislettertothesecretaryandnottothedirector.b.当直接宾语是一个人称代词时：I’llsendittoyoutomorrow.You’dbetterhanditdirectlytotheheadmaster.c.当直接宾语比间接宾语短时：Sheshowedthepicturetothestudentssittingnearher.d.当间接宾语置于句首时：Whodidyousenditto?TohimItoldthestory,nottohisbrother.e.当间接宾语和直接宾语都是代词时：Hegaveittome.I’lllendthemtoyou.5．主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语：Wehaveprovedhimwrong.Whatmakeyouthinkso?Shefoundthechildfastasleep.Icalledhimafool.注：这种结构中的谓语动词一般只限于某些复合宾语及物动词。句子成分一、主语主语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.名词；2.代词；3.数词；4.动名词；5.不定式；6.词组或复合结构；7.从句；8.名词化的其他词类，如：Aforeignlanguageisaweaponinthestruggleoflife.Whoisspeaking,please?ThisisJackspeaking.Twowillbeenough.Livinginthatislandcountryforthreemonthswasanunforgetableexperienceforme.Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,happyandwise.Whetherwe’llgodependsontheweather.“A”isanarticle.二、表语表语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.名词；2.代词；3.数词；4.形容词；5.分词；6.动名词；7.不定式；8.副词；9.介词短语；10.词组；11.从句，如：Themassesaretherealheroes.That’ssomethingwehavealwaystokeepinmind.Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.Myideaisthis.Timeispressing.Let’shurryup.AllIcoulddowassendhimatelegram.Wemustbeoffnow.Theyaretwicethesizeofchickens.Myideaisthatweshouldsticktoouroriginalplan.三、宾语宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.名词；2.代词；3.数词；4.动名词；5.不定式；6.复合结构；7.从句；8.名词化的形容词及其他词类，如：Shediedaheroicdeath.Theydidn’tpromisehimanythingdefinite.Howmanydoyouwant?Weneedtwo.Payattentiontounitingandworkingwithcomradeswhodifferwithyou.Learntoplaythepiano.I’llgetitstamped.Didyouwritedownwhatshesaid?四、定语定语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.形容词；2.代词；3.数词；4.名词或名词所有格；5.分词；6.不定式；7.介词短语；8.副词；9.词组或合成词；10.从句，如：Hiswordsmovedeveryonepresent.Webelongtothethirdworld.WemustliveuptotheParty’sexpectations.Thisisindeedamostpressingproblem.Therearetwothingstobediscussedtoday.theinterestsofthepeople/amanofgoodtemper/achildoffive五、状语状语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.副词；2.介词短语；3.不定式；4.分词；5.形容词；6.词组；7.复合结构；8.从句，如：Theyweregreatlytouchedtoheartheoldman’sstory.(副词)Theydideverythingtheycouldtosavetheboy’slife.(不定式)Isaiditinfun.(介词短语)Theyallrushedover,eagertohelp.(形容词)Theyreturnedtiredandhungry.(形容词)Weareworkingdayandnight….(词组)Hecameupshoulderingaspade.(分词)Wecompletedtheworkfivedaysaheadoftime.(词组)Seeingthis,somestudentsbecameveryworried.(分词)Heenteredtheroom,hisnoseredwithcold.(复合结构)句子的种类一、陈述句：Shearrivedquiteearly.(事实)/Shemayhavearrivednow.(看法)二、疑问句：1．一般疑问句：Hasthefactorygoneintoproduction?ShallIturnontheTV?2．特殊疑问句：Whichcolourdoyouprefer?Howmuchisthistable-cloth?3．选择疑问句：①一般疑问句+or+第二个选择:AreyouanEnglishmanoranAmerican?②特殊疑问句+选择部分:Whichdoyouprefer,redwineorwhite?4．反意（或附加）疑问句：Youarenotgoingouttoday,areyou?Yes,Iam./No,I’mnot.三、祈使句：Besuretogetherebeforenine.Youdoitrightnow.四、感叹句：①what+感叹句：Whatanoble-heartedmanhewas!Whatgoodnewsitis!②how+感叹句：Howwellshedances!Howfasttheyareworking!句子的结构层次一、简单句二、并列句：Welovepeacebutwearenotafraidofwar.Hurryup,it’sgettinglate.三、复合句：Thereissomethinginwhathesaid.That’sexactlywhatIamplanningtodo.四、并列复合句