小学英语语法知识点_精讲+精练

1姓名：2英语语法知识点汇总精讲+精练一、名词表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。强调：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was；最好不要根据some、any、alotof等词去作判断，以免受误导。1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”：a．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds；读音：清辅音后读[s]，浊辅音和元音后读[z]。b．以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches读音：[iz]。c．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries,baby-babies,city-cities,story-stories；读音：[z]。以元音字母+y结尾，直接加-s如：boy-boys,toy-toys,monkey-monkeys,key-keysd．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，如：knife-knives,wolf-wolves,wife-wives,leaf-leaves,life-lives,thief-thieves,half-halves；读音：[z]。e．以“o”结尾的词，分两种情况1）有生命的+es读音：[z]如：mango-mangoestomato-tomatoespotato-potatoeshero-heroes2)无生命的+s读音：[z]如：photo-photosradio-radioszoo-zoospiano-pianoszero-zeros/zeroes（两种都可）f.不规则名词复数：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,snowman-snowmen,mouse-mice,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,sheep-sheep,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese2、不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量，就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”。例如：aglassofwater,apieceofpaper,abottleofjuice练一练1、写出下列各词的复数。baby__________eye__________tomato_______library_________goose_________telephone_________I_______him_________this_______her______watch_______mango___child_______photo________diary______day________foot________dress________tooth_______sheep______box_______strawberry_____thief_______engineer______peach______sandwich______man______woman_______leaf______people________2、用所给名词的正确形式填空。（1）Aretheretwo(box)onthetable?（2）Icanseesome(people)inthecinema.（3）Howmany(day)arethereinaweek?（4）Here’refive(bottle)of(juice)foryou.（5）This(violin)ishers.Those(grape)areoverthere.33、分出下列单词中的可数名词和不可数名词peachinkwaterzoosistercoffeeknifesnowiceteaorangefridgebusrainwindcarteachermusicearcolawatermeloncherry可数名词：不可数名词：4、填入所给名词的适当形式1.Wehavethree________(pen).2.Thisisan__________(apple).3.Whereisthe__________(pencil)?4.Thereisalittle__________inthebottle(juice).5.Areyoua__________(driver)?Yes,Iam.6.Thereareafew__________(watch)onthedesk.7.Many__________(shelf)areinourschoollibrary.8.Hehassome__________(ink).9.The__________(girl)inredisMary.10.Howmany__________(people)arethereinyourfamily?Three.5、选择题()1.Thereis__________onthetable.A.PlateB.aplateC.plates()2.Icanseemany__________inthegarden.A.flowersB.aflowerC.flowers()3.The_____onthehillsareallwhite.A.sheepB.sheepsC.dog()4.Thesenew_____areforyou.A.skirtB.shoeC.shirts()5.Theclockhasthree______A.legsB.legC.faces()6.Theyarenotinthesame_______.A.classB.classesC.familys()7.Isthisyour_____?A.akeyB.keysC.key()8.Theyarehaving_____.A.aclassB.EnglishclassC.Chineseclass()9.Therearesomany_____inthehall.A.peoplesB.peopleC.apeople()10.The_____hassomenicepictures.A.boysB.teachersC.child()11.The_____aredancingattheparty.A.womanB.womenC.man()12.The_____areinRoom408.A.studentB.astudentC.students()13.Who’sthat_____?She’smymother.A.manB.womanC.women()14.The_____arecatchingthethief.A.policemanB.policemenC.policemans()15.Therearenew_____inmyschoolbag.A.knifeB.knifesC.knives()16._____jacketisit?Maybeit’s_____.A.Who’s;TomsB.What;Tom’sC.Whose;Tom’s4()17.Thebooksarethe_____.A.teachers’B.teachersC.teacher()18.Therearealotofchildrenintheparkon_____Day.A.childrenB.Children’sC.Childrens’()19.Isitthetwins’bedroom?Yes,itis.It’s_____bedroom.A.AnnandAnna’sB.Ann’sandAnna’sC.AnnandAnna()20.Thatis_____dog.A.Tom’sB.TomsC.Tom()21._____coatsareverypretty.A.JimandTim’sB.Jim’sandTim’sC.JimandTim()22.Theyaregoingtotheir_____homefordinner.A.unclesB.uncleC.uncle’s()23.Thebigroomis_____.A.thetwin’sB.twins’C.thetwins’()24.March8this_____.A.Woman’sDayB.Womans’DayC.Women’sDay二、冠词冠词是一种虚词，不能独立使用，通常放在名词的前面，分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词”两种。1、不定冠词：a、an。用在单数名词前，表示“一个，一件……”。an用在以元音“音素”开头的单词前。如：ane-mail,anorange,anarm,anoldman,anEnglishwatch,anhour,anumbrella…abook,amap,auniversity,ausefulbook,2、定冠词：the。用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有具体意思，有时翻译为这、那。它的基本用法：（1）用来表示特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。如：Themaponthewallisnew.（2）表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如：Lookatthepicture,please.（3）表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如：Thisisastamp.Thestampisbeautiful.（4）用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：thesun太阳themoon月亮theearth地球（5）用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：theGreatWall长城（6）用在江河、湖海等专有名词前。如：theChangjiangRiver长江（7）此外，序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名称等词前面和一些习惯用语中一般都用定冠词the。如：thefirstday,thebestboy,playthepiano,inthesameclass（8）用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。TheTurnersaregoinghomeonatrain.（9）用在乐器名称前。如：Doyoulikeplayingthepiano?你喜欢弹钢琴吗？（10）用在集合名词前，指一个整体。如：Thefamilyareallmusiclovers.全家人都是音乐爱好者3、不用冠词的情况1）在物质名词，抽象名词前不用冠词Thedeskismadeofwood.Whatiswork?Workisstruggle2）专有名词前通常不用定冠词：England，ChinaMaryLileiMr.Green3）在星期、月份，季节，节日等名词前：Wehavefourseasons-spring,summer,autumnandwinter一年有四季：春夏秋冬5WeoftengotoseaafilmonSunday.我们经常周日去看电影。TomorrowisNationalDay.明天是国庆节。4）名词前有物主代词，指示代词，不定代词，名词所有格修饰时(this，my，that，those，these，her)如：thismorningmypenyourwatchwhosebike等5）在球类运动、一日三餐、学科和语言的名词前如：havebreakfastplaychessplaybasketballEnglishclass(注意在乐器前必须加定冠词如弹钢琴playthepianoplaytheviolin)6）固定短语：bybus乘坐公共汽车afterschool放学后inbed卧床atfirst首先atnoon在中午onfoot步行注：确定用a、an还是the时可根据汉语意思。练一练1、用a或an填空。____“U”____ice-cream____goalkeeper____teapot____apple____office____Englishbook____umbrella____unit____hou