市场竞争条件下的客运价格优化策略模型及算法

7120072JournalofTransportationSystemsEngineeringandInformationTechnologyVol17No11February2007:100926744(2007)0120073206,(,100044):,,.,,.,.:;;;:U12:AOptimalModelforPassengerTransportPricinginMarketCompetitionSIBing2feng,GAOZi2you(InstituteofSystemScience,SchoolofTrafficandTransportation,BeijingJiaotongUniversity,Beijing100044,China)Abstract:Inthispaper,thestochasticuserequilibriummodelsareproposedforassignmentproblemininter2citypassengertransportnetworkbasedondiscretechoicetheory,inwhichthedifferenttransportpricesareregardedasperturbationparameters.Furthermore,atri-levelprogrammingispresentedinordertoseektheoptimalpassengertransportpricewhilethebenefitsofpassengersandtransportdepartmentsarebothconsideredundertheconditionofmarketcompetitionbetweendifferenttransportmodes.Aheuristicalgorithmforthetri2levelprogrammingproblemisalsoproposed.Keywords:passengertransportmarket;price;stochasticuserequilibrium;tri2levelprogrammingCLCnumber:U12Documentcode:A:2006203227:(70225005);(2003RC0142004SM020).:(1972-),,,,,.E2mail:[e-mail]0,,,.,,(McFadden,1989;Williams,1991;Gerken,1991).,Logit,,,.,.,,,,.,,;,,,.;.,.,.,.,,,,,;,,.,.[12],,,.[13],,,.,,.,.,,,,.,,,.,,,,,,.,.,.1,,,.,,..N,n:Un=Vn+n,nN(1)Unn,Vn,n.Vn:Vn=6kaknxkn,nN(2)xknnk,,akn,.,.4720072,.,logit.[4],nGumbel,,logit:pn=eVn6nNeVn,nN(3)pnn,.Q,(3)nqn=Qpn=eVn6nNeVnQ,nN(4)qnn.[9],logit:(M1)minZ(qn)=6nNqn0(1lnw-Vn)dws.t.6nNqn=QM1,Hessian,,.M1,.2,,,,,,.,,,.,,.nqn,M,fnmnm,fnm=qnPnm,Pn,m(5)6mPnm=1(6)Pnmnm.,,,,,.nmUnm=Vnm+m,Pm,n(7)Unmnm;Vnm;m.Vnm:Vnm=6ka(k)mwn(k)m,Pn,m(8)wn(k)mnmk,;a(k)m.,,tnm=-1Vnm(9)tnmnm;.,.,,fnm,Tnm(fnm)=tnm(fnm)+m(10),(Sheffi,1985),Pnm=Pr(TnmTnl,PlM,lm)(11),:571(M2)minZ(f)=6mfnmtnm-6mfnm0tnm(w)dw-qnE[minmM{Tnm}|tn(f)]s.t.6mfnm=qn,Pnfnm0,Pn,mE[minmM{Tnm}|tn(f)].M2,[13],.3M1,M2(M1).,.,,.,.,.nmunm,fnm,nF=6mMfnmunm(12)F=qnun(13)unn,,un=1qn6mMfnmunm(14),.,.un(min)munmun(max)m(15)un(min)mun(max)mnm.:(U)maxF=6mMfnmunms.t.un(min)munmun(max)mfnmM2:(M2)minZ(f)=6mfnmtnm-6mfnm0tnm(w)dw-qnE[minmM{Tnm}|tn(f)]s.t.6mfnm=qn,Pnfnm0,Pn,mqnM1:(M1)minZ(qn)=6nNqn0(1lnx-Vn)dxs.t.6nNqn=Q,,F,,.4,P1P2:(P1)(U1)maxF=qnuns.t.min{un(min)m}unmax{un(max)m}qnL1:(L1)minZ(qn)=6nNqn0(1lnx-Vn)dxs.t.6nNqn=Q(P2)(U2)maxF=6mMfnmunms.t.un(min)munmun(max)m6720072un=1qn6mMfnmunmfnmL2:(L2)minZ(f)=6mfnmtnm-6mfnm0tnm(w)dw-qnE[minmM{Tnm}|tn(f)]s.t.6mfnm=qn,Pnfnm0,Pn,m,P1P2.,,[6].::.n{un(0)m|mM}{qn(0)m|nN,mM},i=1,.:(10)n.:P1,nq(i)nu(i)n.:q(i1)nu(i)nP2,nvn(i)mqn(i)m.:.un(i+1)m=un(i)m+1i+1(vn(i)m-un(i)m),Pn,m:.|un(i+1)m-un(i)m|,.i=i+1,..5.,,.,.,.AB,(1)(2)(3).:Vn=-1tn-2un+3cn,n=1,2,3(16)tn,un,cn,;i(i=1,2,3).,(1)(2)(3),:f(qnm)=a(qnm)b+1tnm+2unm,n=1,m=1,2,3(17)t1mu1m,a,b,1,2.mGumble.:t1=63m=1amt1m,u1=63m=1amu1m(18)am(m=1,2,3),.,O2D,1.1tn(h)cn1064.2867.59224O-D30000P,150540,(:)30u11180,60u12240,90u133002.,:u1(0)1=120,u1(0)2=180,u1(0)3=240.771:0.3,0.5,0.2,=1.2123ab121.00.30.0020.23.00.43.00.002:(15):u(0)1=168,t1=6.28h.:P1u(1)1=196q(1)1=10200P.:q(1)1=10200u(1)1=196P2,u1(1)1=180,u1(1)2=226,u1(1)3=240,q1(1)1=3748P,q1(1)2=3649P,q1(1)3=2083P,2127806.,,max{|u1(i+1)m-u1(i)m|}=601,,.,u11=180,u12=226,u13=240.6,,,,,.,,.,.,,.:[1]FerrariP.Roadpricingandnetworkequilibrium[J].Trans.Res.B,1995,29.[2]FrieszTLHarkerPT.Multicriteriaspatialpriceequilibri2umnetworkdesign:theoryandcomputationalresults[J].Trans.Res.B,1983,17(5).[3]GaoZYandSiBF.Anequilibriumassignmentmodelformixednetwork[C].ProceedingofICTTS98(Beijing),1998.[4]GerkenJ.Generalizedlogitmodel[J].TransportationRe2search,1991,25B:75-88.[5]Mcfaden.Amethodofsimulatedmomentsforestimationofdiscreteresponsemodelswithoutnumericalintegration[J].Econometria,1989,57:995-1026.[6]NorbertO.UrbanTravelDemandModeling:FromIndi2vidualChoicetoGeneralEquilibrium[M].AWiley2Inter2sciencePublication,JohnWiley&Sons,INC,1994.[7]SheffiY.UrbanTransportationNetworks:EquilibriumAnalysiswithMathematicalProgrammingMethods[M].Prentice2Hall,EnglewoodCliffs,NewJersey,1985.[8]TobinRLandFiaccoAV.Sensitivityanalysisforvaria2tionalinequalities[J].JournalofOptimizationTheoryandApplication,1986,48(1).[9]WilliamsHCWLandLamWM.Transportpolicyap2praisalwithequilibriummodelsIIIIinvestmentbenefitsinmulti2modalsystems[J].TransportationResearch,1991,25B:110-125.[10]YangHandLamWHK.Optimalroadtollsundercondi2tionsofqueueingandcongestion[J].Trans.Res.A,1996,30(5).[11]YangHandMichaelGHB.Trafficrestraint,roadpricingandnetworkequilibrium[J].Trans.Res.B,1997,31(4).[12],.[J].,1999,(4):13-16.[13],.[J].,2001,(1):50-55.[14],.[J].,2001,(4):299-305.[15],,.[J].,2004,26(6):14-19.87200727120072JournalofTransportationSystemsEngineeringandInformationTechnologyVol17No11February2007:100926744(2007)0120079213DesignandDevelopmentofaStatewideLandUseTransportModelforAlbertaZHONGMing1,JohnDouglasHunt2,JohnEdwardAbraham2(1.Dept.ofCivilEngineering,UniversityofNewBrunswickGD-128,HeadHall,17DineenDriveP.O.Box4400,Fredericton,N.B.,CanadaE3B5A3;2.InstituteforAdvancedPolicyResearch,UniversityofCalgary2500UniversityDriveN.W.,Calgary,AlbertaCanadaT2N1N4)Abstract:TherapideconomicgrowthinAlberta,Canadamakesstatewidetransportplanningapressi