2016年上外MTI最全真题汇总首发(三科全有!!)

12016上外翻硕英语基础真题I.ClozeHere'swhythe'Americancentury'willsurviveriseofChinaIn1941,TimeeditorHenryLuceproclaimed“theAmericancentury”.Somenowseethiscomingtoanend1.asaresultofthenation’seconomicandpoliticaldecline.ManypointtotheexampleofUSfailuretoconvinceitsalliestostayoutoftheAsianInfrastructureInvestmentBank,Beijing’srivaltotheWorldBank;butthiswas2.moreofanexampleofafaultydecisionthanevidenceofdecline,whichraisesthequestionofwhatisthenaturallifecycleofanation.Acenturyisgenerallythelimitforahumanorganism,butcountriesaresocialconstructs.Romedidnotcollapseuntilmorethanthreecenturiesafteritreacheditsapogeeofpowerin117AD.AfterAmericanindependencein1776,HoraceWalpole,theBritishpolitician,lamentedthathisnationhadbeenreducedtothelevelofSardinia,justasBritainwasabouttoentertheindustrialrevolutionthat3.powereditssecondcenturyasaglobalpower.AnyeffortatassessingAmericanpowerinthecomingdecadesshould4.takeintoaccounthowmanyearliereffortshadbeenwideofthemark.Itischasteningtorememberhowwildly5.exaggeratedUSestimatesofSovietpowerinthe1970sandofJapanesepowerinthe1980swere.Today,someseetheChineseas10feettallandproclaimthis“theChinesecentury”.China’ssizeandrelativelyrapideconomicgrowthwillbringitclosertotheUSintermsofitspowerresourcesinthenextfewdecades.ButthisdoesnotnecessarilymeanitwillsurpasstheUSinmilitary,economicandsoftpower.6.EvenifChinasuffersnobigdomesticpoliticalsetback,manyprojectionsaresimplelinearextrapolationsofgrowthratesthatarelikelytoslowinthefuture.7.Moreover,economicprojectionsareonedimensional.TheyignoreUSmilitaryandsoftpoweradvantages,suchasthedesireofstudentsaroundtheworldtoattendUSuniversities.TheyalsooverlookChina’sgeopolitical8.disadvantagesintheAsianbalanceofpower,comparedwithAmerica’srelationswithEurope,JapanandIndia,whicharelikelytoremainmorefavourable.ItisnotimpossiblethatachallengersuchasChina,Europe,Russia,IndiaorBrazilwillsurpasstheUSinthefirsthalfofthiscentury,butitisnotlikely.Onthequestionofabsoluteratherthan9.relativeAmericandecline,theUSfacesseriousproblemsinareassuchasdebt,secondaryeducation,incomeinequalityandpoliticalgridlock,buttheseareonlypartofthepicture.Onthepositivesideoftheledgerarefavourabletrendsindemography,technologyandenergyaswellasabidingfactorssuchasgeographyandentrepreneurialculture.Thescenariosthatcould10.precipitatedeclineincludeonesinwhichtheUSoverreactstoterroristattacksbyturninginwardsandthuscutsitselfofffromthestrengthitobtainsfromopenness.Alternatively,itcouldreactbyovercommittingitselfandwastingbloodandtreasureasitdidinVietnamandIraq.Asanoverallassessment,describingthe21stcenturyasoneofAmericandeclineisinaccurateandmisleading.ThoughtheUShasproblemsitisnotinabsolutedecline,unlikeancientRome,anditislikelytoremainmorepowerfulthananysinglestateincomingdecades.2TherealproblemisnotthatitwillbeovertakenbyChinaoranothercontender,butratherthatitfacesariseinthepowerresourcesofmanyothers—bothstatesandnon-stateactorssuchastransnationalcorporations,terroristgroupsandcybercriminals.Anditwillfaceanincreasingnumberofglobalproblemsthatwill11.callonourabilitytoorganisealliancesandnetworks.12.ContrarytotheviewsofthosewhoproclaimthatthisistheChinesecentury,wehavenotenteredapost-Americanworld.ButtheAmericancenturyofthefuturewillnotlookthesameasinpreviousdecades.TheUS13.shareoftheworldeconomywillbesmallerthanitwasinthemiddleofthepastcentury.Furthermore,thecomplexitycreatedbytheriseofothercountries,aswellastheincreasedroleofnon-stateactors,willmakeitharderforevenAmerica,thebiggestpower,to14.wieldinfluenceandorganiseaction.EntropyisagreaterchallengethanChina.Atthesametime,evenwhentheUShaditsgreatestpreponderanceofpowerresources,itoftenfailedtosecurewhatitwanted.Thosewhoarguethatthedisorderoftoday’sworldismuchworsethaninthepastshouldrememberayearsuchas1956,whentheUSwasunabletopreventSoviet15.repressionofarevoltinHungary;ortheSuezinvasionbyAmerica’salliesBritain,FranceandIsrael.
Wemustnotviewthepastthroughrose-tintedglasses.Now,withslightlylesspreponderanceandamuchmorecomplexworld,theAmericancenturywillcontinueforatleastafewdecades,butitwilllookverydifferentfromwhenLucefirstarticulatedit.II.pleaseanswerthefollowingquestions1.whataspectsareingoredbymanywhenitcomestoaccessingAmericanpower?2.DidBritaindeclineafterAmericanindependence?3.CiteanexampleofAmericandecline?4.WhataretherealproblemsfacedbytheU.S.?5.WhatwillthefutureoftheAmericancenturybelike?III.Writeacompositioninnolessthan400words.Isdamagetotheenvironmenttheinevitableconsequenceofimprovingthelivingstandard?2016年上外MTI汉语写作与百科知识一、百科知识1.新文化运动的主要刊物是（）2.中国由女真族建立的政权是（）和（）。3.唐朝诗人杜牧在（）中描述了秦朝大兴土木的状况。4.编钟是一种（）5.中国的汉字造形方法是（）6.元曲四大家（）7.五岳有（）3二、成语解释1.满腹经纶2.卧薪尝胆3.首当其冲4.白驹过隙5.暴殄天物三、请阅读下列文章，写一篇读后感，不少于1000字人民日报评薄熙来案：法理昭彰，有腐必惩中评社北京9月22日电／人民日报9月23日评论员文章：坚持法治反腐，建设廉洁政治法理昭彰，有腐必惩。9月22日，济南市中级人民法院对薄熙来受贿、贪污、滥用职权案做出一审判决，判处无期徒刑，剥夺政治权利终身，并处没收个人全部财产。综观整个薄熙来案，从立案侦查、审查起诉、提起公诉到开庭审理，再到法院宣判，整个过程以事实为根据，以法律为准绳，彰显了法治精神和司法正义，表明瞭我们党和国家依法惩治腐败的坚决态度和坚定决心。用法治思维和法治方式反对腐败，是我们党坚持倡导的反腐思路。薄熙来案的查处过程，始终都贯穿着依法反腐的基本理念。无论是依党纪国法的查办过程，还是对案件的依法指定管辖；无论是控辩双方充分质证、法院公开透明审理，还是依法作出一审判决，都始终运行在法治的轨道上，始