英国文学史分时期总结作家作品

英语文学史分时期总结作家作品Beowulf贝奥武夫:thenationalepicoftheAnglo-SaxonsEpic史诗:longnarrativepoemsthatrecordtheadventuresorheroicdeedsofaheroenactedinvastlandscapes.Thestyleofepicisgrandandelevated.e.g.Homer’sIliadandOdysseyArtisticfeatures:1.Usingalliteration头韵Definitionofalliteration:（定义）arhetoricaldevice,meaningsomewordsinasentencebeginwiththesameconsonantsound2.Usingmetaphor暗喻andunderstatement明抑暗扬的低调陈述Definitionofunderstatement:expressingsomethinginacontrolledwayUnderstatementisatypicalwayforEnglishmentoexpresstheirideasGeofferyChaucer杰弗里•乔叟1340~1400(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（JohnDryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。)ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.writingstyle:wisdom,humor,humanity.①TheCanterburyTales坎特伯雷故事集：firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’(双韵体)bymiddleEnglish②TroilusandCriseyde特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德③TheHouseofFame声誉之宫MedievalAges’popularLiteraryform:Romance(传奇故事)Famousthree：KingArthur亚瑟王SirGawainandtheGreenKnight高文爵士和绿衣骑士Beowulf贝奥武甫TheRenaissancePeriodAperiodofdramaandpoetry.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.Renaissance:文艺复兴（定义）theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.ThreehistoricaleventsoftheRenaissance–rebirthorrevival:1.newdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology2.thereligiousreformationandeconomicexpansion3.rediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekcultureThemostfamousdramatists:ChristopherMarlowe马洛WilliamShakespeare莎士比亚1.EdmundSpenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。）Thepoets’poet.ThefirsttobeburiedinthePoet’scornerofWesterminsterAbbey①TheFaerieQueene仙后(forQueenElizabeth)Thethemeisnot“Armsandtheman”,butsomethingmoreromantic“Fiercewarsandfaithfullloves”.Artisticfeatures:1.UsingSpenserianStanzaDefinitionofSpenserianStanza:astanzaofninelinesababbcbcc.Eightlinesiniambicpentameter,andlastlineiniambichexameter.②TheShepherdsCalendar牧人日历ThethemeistolamentoverthelossofRosalind.③Amoretti爱情小唱2.ThomaslMore托马斯•莫尔1478~1535OneofthegreatestEnglishhumanists①Utopia乌托邦n3.FrancislBacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）Philosopher,scientist,laythefoundationformodernscience.ThefirstEnglishessayist.nWritingstyle:brevity,compactness&powerfulness,well-arrangingandenrichingbyBiblicalallusions,metaphorsandphilosophytoman’sreason.①TheAdvancementofLearning学术的推进②Essays随笔(famousquotas:Ofstudies)nThethemeofOfStudies:usesandbenefitsofstudyanddifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies.4.ChristopherlMarlowe柯里斯托弗•马洛1564~1595“UniversityWits”,thepioneerofEnglishdrama（完善了无韵体诗。）Blankverse:writteninunrhymediambicpentameter.①TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成）②Tamburlaine帖木耳大帝n③TheJewofMalta马耳他的犹太人5.WilliamShakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616l①Historicalplays:HenryVI;HenryIV:RichardIII;HenryV；RichardII；HenryVIII②FourComedies:AsYouLikeIt皆大欢喜;TwelfthNight第十二夜;AMidsummerNight’SDream仲夏夜之梦;MerchantOfVenice威尼斯商人③FourTragedies:Hamlet哈姆莱特;Othello奥赛罗;KingLear李尔王;Macbeth麦克白④ShakespeareSonnet:154TheSonnetsThreequatrainandonecouplet,ababcdcdefefggAsonnetisalyricconsistingof14lines,usuallyiniambicpentameterrestrictedtoadefinitionrhymescheme.英国文学史资料BritishWritersandWorks2The17thCentury1.JohnMilton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674（诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。）①Epics:ParadiseLost失乐园nParadisenRegained复乐园②Dramaticpoem:SamsonAgonistes力士参孙③Areopagitica论出版自由nTheDefenceoftheEnglishPeople为英国人民声辩④OnHisBlindness我的失明Thissonnetiswritteniniambicpentameterrhymedinabbaabbacdecde,typicalofItaliansonnet.ItsthemeisthatpeopleusetheirtalentforGod,andtheyservehimbestshocanendurethesufferingbest.2.JohnBunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）Puritanpoet(清教徒派诗人)①ReligionaryAllegory:ThePilgrim’sProgress《天路历程》3.JohnDonne约翰·邓恩theMetaphysicalpoet(玄学派诗人).MetaphysicalPoetry(玄学诗)：（用语）thedictionissimple,theimageryisfromtheactual,(形式)theformisfrequentlyanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,withgod,orwithhimself.（主题：love,religious,thought）Artisticfeatures:1.conceitsorimagery奇思妙喻2.syllogism三段论①Meditations沉思录TheFlea虱子②SongsAndSonnetsHolySonnets③Valediction:ForbiddingMourning英国文学史资料BritishWritersandWorks3The18thCenturyArevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,order,logic,restrainedemotion(抑制情感)andaccuracyTheAgeofEnlightenment/Reason:启蒙/理性时期themovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthe15thand16thcentries,aprogressiveintellectualmovement,reason(rationality),equality&science(the18thcentury)小说崛起：Inthemid-century,thenewlyliteraryform,modernEnglishnovelrised(realisticnovel现实主义小说)Gothicnovel(哥特式小说)：mystery,horror,castles(frommiddleparttotheendofcentury)1.AlexanderlPope亚历山大•蒲柏1688~1744（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/“heroiccouplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。）OneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland.①AnEssayonCriticism批评论Artisticfeatures:1.Using“heroiccouplets”②TheRapeoftheLock卷发遇劫记③MoralEssays道德论EssayonMan人论TheDunciad愚人记2.JonathanSwift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家amastersatirist。）①Gulliver’sTravels格列佛游记(fictionalwork)