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※v-ing的句法功能:主、宾、表、定、状、补形式主动被动V-ing一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone※否定式:在非谓语动词之前加not/never,即:not/neverdoing※v-ing的复合结构:n/宾格+doing(不做主语)n’s/adj性物主代词+doing(做主、宾、表)Jane’sbeingcarelesscausedsomuchtrouble.Wouldyoumindmy/meopeningthedoor?一.V-ing形式做主语1.V-ing形式可直接置于句首做主语Beinginvitedtothepartywasagreathonortothefamily.2.用it做形式主语,V-ing形式做真正的主语后置Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.注意:此类结构常见句型如下:Itis+nouse(nogood,fun,apleasure,awasteoftime...)+doing;Itis+useless(worthwhile...)+doingItisnogoodtalkingtohim.3.动名词形式(V-ing形式)与不定式形式(todo)做主语的区别:动名词(V-ing)常表示一种抽象的,习惯性的动作概念不定式(todo)常表示具体的,一次性的行为Doingnothingisdoingill.Torefusehimisnoteasythistime.二.V-ing形式作宾语动词的-ing形式既可作及物动词的宾语,也可以作介词的宾语1.V-ing形式作及物动词的宾语avoid,miss,postpone,advise,finish,exercise,enjoy,imagine,can’thelp,admit,deny,envy,escape,risk,excuse,stand,keep,mind…Hecan’thelplaughing.2.V-ing形式作介词的宾语大多和一些固定搭配有关※bedevotedto,leadto,stickto,lookforwardto,beusedto,contributeto.Hehasdevotedhiswholelifetobenefitingmankind.3.有些或词组后跟v-ing形式或不定式(todo)都可以,但意思不同。1)stoptodo/doingsth停下来去做某事/停止做某事2)meantodo/doingsth想要做某事/意味着做某事3)trytodo/doingsth努力做某事/试着做某事4)remembertodo/doingsth记住要去做某事/记得做了某事5)forgettodo/doingsth忘记要去做某事/忘记做了某事6)regrettodo/doingsth遗憾要去做某事/后悔做了某事4.下列动词可接v-ing形式的主动形式表示被动含义,相当于不定式的被动形式。(sth)need/want/require/deservedoing=need/want/require/deservetobedoneeg)Thebikeneedsrepairing.=Thebikeneedstoberepaired.三.V-ing形式作表语Herjobiskeepingthelecturehallascleanaspossible.V-ing形式与不定式形式(todo)做表语的区别:※动名词(V-ing)常表示一种抽象的,习惯性的动作概念不定式(todo)常表示具体的,一次性的行为四.V-ing形式作定语1.单个的V-ing多作前置定语awalkingstick;apuzzlingproblem;asleepingbaby2.V-ing形式的短语作后置定语Thebookbeingdiscussedalotwillbepublishednextmonth.3.V-ing形式的完成式不能作定语(havingdone;havingbeendone)五.V-ing形式作宾语补足语1.v-ing形式可以在see,hear,notice,watch,feel,smell,lookat,listento,observe,find等表示感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补主语,和一个名词或代词一起构成复合宾语。1)Weheardthechildrenshoutingupstairs.2)Ifeltmyheartbeatingviolently.注意seesbdosth和seesbdoingsth的区别。2.v-ing形式也可用在have,get,leave,keep,set,catch等表示“致使”的动词后作宾语补足语。1)Theyshouldnotleaveuswonderingwhattheywilldonext.2)Iwon’thaveyourunningaboutintheroom.六、V-ing形式作状语V-ing形式在句中作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句中主语一致。当现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时,则用现在分词的完成式(havingdone/havingbeendone),当所表示动作与谓语动作同时发生,则用现在分词的一般式(doing)。1)Shesattherereadinganovel.2)HavinglivedinBeijingformanyyears,Carterknewthecitywell.3)Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestilldidnotknowhowtodoit.V-ing作状语的不同功能:1)Walkinginthestreet,Isawhim.(伴随状语)2)Beingill,shestayedathome.(原因状语)3)Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.(时间状语)4)Workinghard,youwillsucceed.(条件状语)5)Herhusbanddiedin1942,leavingherwithfivechildren.(结果状语)6)Havingfailedmanytimes,hedidn’tloseheart.(让步状语)7)Pleaseanswerthequestionusinganotherway.(方式状语)
本文标题:Ving形式
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