American Economy 美国经济

USA’sEconomy——byMartinTanAsweknow,theUnitedStatesofAmericaisthemostdevelopedcountryintheworld.HowdidAmericaneconomybecomesostrong?StartDevelop-mentCurrentSituationTheUSAwasestablishedinJuly4th,1776,sepera-tedfromtheGreatBritain.ButtheslaveryinthesouthblockedtheeconomydevelopmentoftheUSA.TheCivilWarbrokeout.(1861-1865)ThroughtheCivilWar,Americaclearedallobstacles①ofthecapitalism②.TheUSAsteppedintoafast-growingroad.billiondollars1860187018801890billiondollarsbilliondollarsbilliondollars①obstacles:障碍②capitalism:资本主义17.3%9.1%8.9%ChinaUSAUK11.0%9.0%15.8%18701900182032.9%1.8%5.2%StartDevelop-mentCurrentSituationIn1914,WorldWarIBrokeOutWWIlastedfor4years,anditgreatlyweakenedthepowerofEuropeancountries.Asaresult,theUSA’spositioninworldeconomysystemwasstrengthened.DuringWWI,world’seconomycentermovedfromLondontoNewYork.0%10%20%30%UnemploymentRate①Butfrom1929to1933,AmericasufferedfromtheGreatDepression.IttookAmericamorethan6yearstorecoveryfromthisdisaster.theGreatDepression①UnemploymentRate:失业率In1939,WorldWarIIBrokeOutWWIIwasthebiggestwarinthehumanhistory.Itdidgreatdamagetothewholeworld.0510152025AmountofDeadPeople(Billions)ThoughtheUSAhastookpartinWWII.ButAmerica’slosswasverysmallcomparedtoothercountries.AndAmericagainedalotfromsellingweaponstoothercountries.SotheWWIIinfactacceleratedthedevelopmentofAmericanEconomy.EconomyGrowthRateUSSR:UnionofSocialistSovietRepublics,苏联ITNuclearEnergySpaceflightAfterWWII,hightechnologyappearedinUSA.Itgreatlychangedpeople’slifeandbecamethesourceofeconomydevelopment.InfluenceofHighTechnologytoEconomy12.50%87.50%ShareofContributiontoEconomyDevelopmentCapitalInput①TechnologyProgressDatafrom1960to1995①CapitalInput:资本投入AnExample:InternetIndustry0.0%in1980Internetindustry3.4%in2009Internetindustrytookup3.4%ofGDPin2009,butitcontributedmorethan20%economicgrowthtoUSA.StartDevelop-mentCurrentSituationGeneralViewGDP050000001000000015000000GDP(Millionsofdollars)TheUSAtookup23.1%ofthewholeworld’sGDPin2010.GeneralView1.4%28.4%70.2%GDPPercentAgricultureIndustryServiceThoughtheUSAistheworld’slargestagrariancountry①andsecond-largestindustrialcountry,buttheserviceisthemostimportantindustry.①Agrariancountry:农业国AgricultureTheUSA’sagricultureindustryismechanizedandveryadvanced.Therearelessthan5%ofAmericanswhoareengagedinagricul-turalproduction,butitistheworld’slargestagriculturalexportcountry.ProductProductionProportionExportProportionSoyBean51%67%Corn45%65%Meat27%27%Wheat12%33%Cotton20%24%IndustryTheUSAistheworld’ssecondlargestindustrialcountry,onlyinferiortoChina.Butit’spositioninhigh-technologyindustryisunshakable.Industry——ITIndustryEspeciallytheSiliconValley①nearSanFrancisco,it’sthecenterofworld’sITindustry.Manyworld-famoushightechnologycompanyassembledhere.①SiliconValley:硅谷ServicesTheUSAownsthelargestservicesystemintheworld.ServiceindustrysupportedtheUSA’seconomyandcreatedtheprosperityofAmericancities.Services——CulturalIndustryTheAmericanculturehasbeenspreadintoeverycornerofthisworld.ManypeopleinothercountriesenjoyAmericanculture.MoviesBooksSportsServices——FinanceWallStreetinNewYorkisworld’sfinancecenter.Billonsofdollarsarecreatedorgonehere.AndthebankingsysteminUSAisalsowelldeveloped.Citibank:花旗银行Services——CommerceTheUSAownsworld’slargestmarket.Sothecommercehereisprosperous.AmongAmericancommercialcompanies,Wal-MartStoresrankedNo.1in500topcompaniesinrecentyears.ProblemsHowever,therearestillalotofproblemsinAmericaneconomy.GrossPublicDebtasa%percentofGDP:国家负债占GDP的比重ProblemsHowever,therearestillalotofproblemsinAmericaneconomy.UnemploymentRate0.0%2.0%4.0%6.0%8.0%10.0%12.0%196419661968197019721974197619781980198219841986198819901992199419961998200020022004200620082010WhatCanChinaLearnfromUSA?PayAttentiontoEducationTopUniversities1.HarvardUniversity2.Cambridge3.YaleUniversity4.UCL5.ICL6.UniversityofOxford7.UniversityofChicago8.PrincetonUniversity9.MIT10.CaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyReformGovernmentSystem9.90%90.10%USAAdministrativeExpenseOtherExpense26.50%73.50%ChinaNationRankScoreIceland19.3USA197.5China733.6Government’sCleannessIndexRankof2008AdministrativeExpense:政府行政管理开支（2008年政府清廉指数排行榜）ValueTalentsNationNobelPrizeUSA280UK93Germany74France48Sweden29Russia20Year(19XX)WinnerPerYear01-39240.6140-062564.220076/115.7520085/1220099/1320103/11TimeForQuestionandAnswerMartinTan