中国传媒大学考博英语阅读理解真题解析

(40points)Text1Inorderto“changelivesforthebetter”andreduce“dependency,”GeorgeOrbome,ChancelloroftheExchequer,introducedthe“upfrontworksearch”scheme.OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCVregisterforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefit-andthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.Whatcouldbemorereasonable?（PS:ThewaytocontactyumingkaoboTEL:silingling-liuliuba-liujiuqibaQQ:772678537)Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.Therewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker’sallowance.“Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon.”heclaimed.“We’redoingthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplesayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster”Help?Really?Onfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,completewith“reforms”toanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,andsubsideslaziness.Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor“fundamentalfairness”-protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingand’tskipdowntothejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,delightedattheprospectofdoublingyourincomefromthegenerousstate.Itisfinanciallyterrifying,psychologicallyembarrassingandyouknowthatsupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;yousupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;youarenowexcludedfromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeandstructureinyourlife.Worse,thecrucialincometofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdisappeared.Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhattheywantandtheanswerisalways:ajob.ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofallintodependency—permanentdependencyifyoucangetit—supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulgeyourfalsehood.Itisasthough20yearsofever-tougherreformsofthejobsearchandbenefitadministrationsystemneverhappened.TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.Eventheveryphrase“jobseeker’sallowance”—inventedin1996—isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa“jobseeker”whohadnomandatoryrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions.Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited“allowance,”conditionalonactivelyseekingajob;£71.70aweek,oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU.真题解析：文章概括：政府大臣GrorgeOsbome提出了一个项目帮助失业的人找工作。21.GeorgeOsborne’sschemewasintendedto[A]providetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits.[B]encouragejobseekers’activeengagementinjobseeking.[C]motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily.[D]guaranteejobseekers’legitimaterighttobenefits.答案：B细节题。本道题的关键是intendedto问的是目的，所以我们也应该去寻找体现目的性的词汇，所以在首段首句看到了inorderto,则后面的内容即为本题答案，结合后面找工作的内容则选择B选项。22.Thephrase“tosignon”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans[A]tocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthejobcentre.[B]toacceptthegovernment’srestrictionsontheallowance.[C]toregisterforanallowancefromthegovernment.[D]toattendagovernmentaljob-trainingprogram.答案：C词义句意题。先根据题干定位到第二段第三行，tosignon前面有一个很明显的not，则我们可以推知，这一定是前面的反义，我们只要读懂前面半部分就可以了，前面说应该spendlookingforwork，正好和A选项相符，所以我们只要选择一个相反的选项即可，则选择C选项。23.Whatpromotedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?[A]Adesiretosecureabetterlifeforall.[B]Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed.中国考博辅导首选学校[C]Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.[D]Apassiontoensurefairnessfortaxpayers.答案:A细节题。本道题的关键是题目中的prompted和chancellor，根据chancellor能定位到二段第五行，再向下寻找则可发现motivate和prompt是对应的，所以看本句即可发现和A选项是对应的。24.AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesoneonefeel[A]uneasy.[B]enraged.[C]insulted.[D]guilty.答案:A细节题。本道题根据unemployed回到文中定位在第三段的最后一句，没有感觉相关内容，所以需要向前找答案，再根据本段第一句话中的losingajob即可判定答案在第二句，因此选择A选项。另我们会发现BCD三个选项趋于强烈和负面，所以，我们选择A选项。25.Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?[A]TheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekers’laziness.[B]Osborne’sreformswillreducetheriskofunemployment.[C]Thejobseekers’allowancehasmettheiractualneeds.[D]Unemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeconditional.答案:B细节题。本题题根据选项定位。A选项根据大写字母TheBritishwelfaresystem定位到最后一段的第三句，原文是“nolonger”，选项与原文反向干扰。B选项根据Osborne’sreforms定位到第一段第二句，可以得出该项目可减少失业危险，所以B为正确答案。C选项根据题干“thejobseekers’allowance”定位到最后一段倒中国考博辅导首选学校数第二句，该句提到“nofundamentalright”，恰与C选项表意相反，所以C是反向干扰。D选项根据题干“conditional”定位到最后一段最后一句，其中只提到“conditionalonactivelyseekingajob…”，并没有要说以后应该怎样，所以属于无中生有。Text2Allaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostilitythanthemembersofanyotherprofession---withthepossibleexceptionofjournalism.ButtherearefewplaceswhereclientshavemoregroundsforcomplaintthanAmerica.Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceasfastasinflation.Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.Manyoftheminsteadbecomethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthe