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有效管理城市空气质量:培训、设备、人力资源的需求OverviewofCapacityBuildingRequirementsforEffectiveAQMinCities:Training,Equipment,HumanResource傅立新Fu,Lixin清华大学环境科学与工程系,TsinghuaUniversity提纲Outline能力建设的现状CurrentStatus目前的重点Focus存在的问题Problems需求Needs如何做-设想?Howto?能力建设的现状CurrentStatus城市大致可分3类Citiesgroupedin3categiry–发达城市(约10个)Developed(about10)–一般城市(大多数)Conventional–欠发达城市(约20个)behind(about20)发达城市在设备方面较先进Developedcitiesarerelativelyadvancedintermsofequipment能力建设的现状CurrentStatus培训活动较多、人力资源较好Therearemanytrainingactivities,humanresourceareabundant国际合作(世行、亚行等)与自主项目Alotofinternationalprojects(suchasWB,ADB),togetherwithself-fundedprojects能力建设的现状CurrentStatus一般城市有基本的设备、效益发挥不充分Conventionalcitiesdohavebasicequipment,buttheirbenefitarenotfullyrealized培训活动有,但不够满足需求Therearetrainingactivities,butnotgoodenoughtomeettheneeds能力建设的现状CurrentStatus人力资源仍不能满足Humanresourcesarenotsufficient国际合作有一些Participatedinsomeinternationalcooperationactivities自主项目很少Fewself-fundedresearchprojectsonAQM能力建设的现状CurrentStatus欠发达城市的设备和基础设施不够Equipmentandinfrastructureinbehindcitiesarefarfromsufficient培训活动很少FewtrainingactivitiesrelatedtoAQM人力资源缺乏Humanresourcesaredearlylacked能力建设的现状CurrentStatus国际合作较少Fewinternationalcooperationactivities自主项目基本没有Almostnoself-fundedprojects2.目前的重点Focus空气质量监测站的监测设备Airqualitymonitoringinstruments大多数城市有几个自动监测站Mostcitieshaveseveralautomatedambientairqualitymonitoringstation少数项目涉及到污染源监控设备Lessprojectscovermonitoringequipmentforemissionsources2.目前的重点Focus培训活动主要从属于硬件项目Mosttrainingactivitiesareattached/associatedwithinvestmentprojects部分技援项目培训了技术人员Sometechnicalassistanceprojectscultivatedalocaltechnicalteam3.存在的问题Problems发达城市主要是管理机制问题Majorproblemindevelopedcitiesareofmanagementmechanism如何提高环保部门的权威?HowtoraisethepowerofEnvironmentalAgencyoverparalleldepartments?改进环保部门的决策能力Improvethedecision-makingcapacityofEPB3.存在的问题Problems资源配置优化问题:Resourcesallocationoptimization:–信息共享与公共服务Informationsharingandpublicservice–培训应该培训的人Trainthoseshouldbetrained–设备与人力资源配置优化Equipmentandhumanresourcesintegration3.存在的问题Problems政府管理人员换岗频繁Governmentofficialskeepchangingfrequently一般城市缺乏污染源监控设备Conventionalcitieslackofmonitoringequipmentforemissionsources交通微环境空气质量基本无监测Nomonitoringofcurbsideairquality3.存在的问题Problems研究型的设备缺乏Lackofequipmentforresearchpurpose针对性强的培训活动不够Lesstrainingwiththerightfocus缺乏支持决策的项目Lackofprojecttosupportdecision-makingonAQM3.存在的问题Problems欠发达城市主要问题在经济基础Forbehindcitiesmajorproblemiseconomy环境意识弱也是一个问题Environmentalawarenessisratherweak可持续发展认识不够Fewrecognitionofthesignificanceofsustainabledevelopment4.需求Needs设备方面:Forequipment:–移动式研究型空气质量监测设备Mobileairqualitymonitoringequipment–移动式污染源监控设备Mobileequipmentforemissionsourcemonitoring培训方面:Fortraining:–对媒体/NGO的培训Media/NGOtraining4.需求Needs–重要决策人员/决策机制的培训Decision-makers/processtraining–公众参与及公共信息培训Publicparticipationandout-reaching–技术人员针对性培训Technicaltrainingforspecifictopic人力资源方面:Forhumanresources–强化和整合国家层面的专家队伍Enhanceandintegratenationalexpertsteam4.需求Needs–在一般城市更多引入国际专家Introducemoreinternationalexpertsforconventionalcities–建立机制关联地方政府与国家/国际专家库Builduplinksbetweenlocalitiesandnational/internationalexpertsteam4.需求Needs–建立地方专家队伍Cultivatelocalexpertsteam–输出专家与信息到欠发达城市Inputtingexpertise/informationtothebehindcities5.如何做?Howto?建立城市空气质量合作网EstablishanAQMcooperationnetworkamongChinesecities–会员制/保证信息的正确性Membership/Correctnessmustguaranteed–由城市管理人员主导DrivingbythecityAQMpeople5.如何做?Howto?发达城市Fordevelopedcities–与媒体合作Involvethemedia–开展公共信息与公众参与的培训Informationdisseminationandpublictraining–建立信息分享渠道Informationsharing–支持长期的公共信息服务Long-termpublicinformationservice5.如何做?Howto?一般城市:Conventionalcities:–开展主题技术培训:城市空气质量管理Topicoftraining:UrbanAirQualityManagement–进行示范项目:空气质量控制规划Pilotproject:Airqualitycontrolplanning–进行示范项目:固定源/移动源控制方案Pilotproject:Stationary/mobilesourcecontrolscheme5.如何做?Howto?–进行示范项目:城市PM控制策略Pilotproject:UrbanPMcontrolstrategy欠发达城市Thebehindcities–媒体、政府与公众的环境意识培训Trainingofenvironmentalawarenessforthemedia,governmentandpublic
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