皮革废水处理工艺的初步设计

陕西理工学院毕业设计第1页共30页皮革废水处理工艺的初步设计李雯（陕理工化学与环境科学学院环境工程专业1101班，陕西汉中723000）指导老师：刘智峰[摘要]：制革工业生产工段繁多，加工过程中需要添加多种化学品，从而导致废水是一种成分复杂、高浓度的有机废水，主要含有COD、BOD、SS、表面活性剂、Cr6+、S2-鞣制剂等高浓度污染物，选用科学合理的废水处理工艺尤为重要。本设计以汉中市某皮革厂废水处理为设计对象，设计处理水量为800m3/d，设计进水水质为：BOD5≤2500mg/L，CODCr≤5000mg/L，SS≤3000mg/L，S2-=30mg/L，总铬为20mg/L。本设计采用生物处理法中生物接触氧化池工艺，工艺流程为：进水-格栅-沉砂池-调节池-沉淀池-气浮-2级接触氧化-二沉池-出水，处理过程中产生的污泥通过污泥压缩，污泥脱水，最终形成饼泥外运。工艺简单可靠，操作方便，从而使出水水质达到国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978－1996)中的二级排放标准。[关键词]：制革废水接触氧化混凝气浮废水处理陕西理工学院毕业设计第2页共30页ThepreliminarydesignofleatherwastewatertreatmentprocessLiWen(Grade11,Class01,MajorEnvironmentalengineering,ChemicalandEnvironmentalsciencesDept.,ShanxiUniversityofTechnology,Hanzhong723000,Shanxi)Tutor:LiuZhifengAbstract:Forawiderangeoftheproductionsectionofleatherindustry,theprocessneedstoaddavarietyofchemicals,resultinginwastewaterishighconcentrationsoforganicswithcomplexcomposition.MainlycontaininghighconcentrationsofpollutantssuchasCOD,BOD,SS,surfactant,Cr,Stanningagents,etc,scientificandrationalchoiceofwastewatertreatmentprocessisparticularlysignificant.Thedesignofwatertreatmentto800m3/d,thedesigninfluentquality:lessthanorequalto2500mg/LofBOD5,CODcrislessthanorequalto5000mg/L,theSSisequaltoorlessthan3000mg/L,S2-=30mg/Landtotalchromiumis20mg/L.Thedesignusesbiologicalcontactoxidationprocessofbiologicaltreatment.Andthesewagetreatmentprocesswasdesignedtobe:influent-grid-sandtrap-waterregulatingtank-sedimentation-flotationtank-biologicalcontactoxidationtank-secondarysedimentationtank-effluent.Theprocessissimpleandreliable,andthusresortedtowaterqualityuptothenationalsecondarydischargestandardof'IntegratedWastewaterDischargeStandard'.Keywords:tannerywastewater,biologicalcontactoxidation,coagulation,airflotation,wastewatertreatment陕西理工学院毕业设计第3页共30页目录前言......................................................61设计任务...................................................................................................71.1设计水质水量...........................................................................................71.2排放标准...................................................................................................71.3设计范围...................................................................................................71.4设计内容...................................................................................................71.5设计依据...................................................................................................71.6设计原则...................................................................................................72.工艺流程................................................72.1工艺流程的选择..........................................72.2工艺方案的确定..........................................92.3工艺流程图..............................................92.3.1废水的处理流程.....................................92.4工艺说明...............................................102.4.1除铬原理说明......................................102.4.2除硫原理说明......................................112.4.3废水处理说明......................................112.4.4污泥处理..........................................112.4.5工艺预计处理效果..................................113构筑物的设计计算........................................123.1格栅的计算.............................................12陕西理工学院毕业设计第4页共30页3.1.1设计参数..........................................123.1.2设计计算..........................................133.2沉砂池的计算...........................................143.2.1设计参数..........................................143.2.2设计计算..........................................153.3调节池的计算...........................................163.3.1设计参数..........................................163.3.2设计计算..........................................163.4混凝沉淀池的计算.......................................163.4.1设计参数..........................................173.4.2设计计算..........................................173.5气浮池的计算...........................................183.5.1设计参数..........................................183.5.2设计计算..........................................183.6生物接触氧化池的计算...................................193.6.1设计参数..........................................193.6.2设计计算..........................................203.7二沉池的计算...........................................213.7.1设计参数..........................................213.7.2设计计算..........................................213.8污泥浓缩池的计算.......................................233.8.1设计参数..........................................24陕西理工学院毕业设计第5页共30页3.9.2浓缩池的计算......................................243.9脱水间的设计...........................................253.10机房的设计............................................254某皮革厂厂区平面布局...................................264.1厂址的选择.............................................264.1.1遵循原则..........................................264.2废水处理工艺的平面布置.................................264.2.1废水处理工艺平面布置原则..........................265经济分析...............................................275.1投资费用...............................................275.2运行费用计算...........................................