介词加关系代词课件定语从句7.13

注意1.含介词的引导词，其介词可放在引导词whom,which前或在从句原来的位置上。介词不提前，其在从句中作宾语的引导词who,whom,that,which可省。但含有介词的短语动词一般不能拆开，如lookafter,bemadeof,takepartin,lookforwardto等。例：Thebabies(who/whom)thenurseslookafterlookstrongandhappy.2.where=at/in/to…+whichwhen=at/in/on/during+whichwhy=forwhich例：Thisistheschoolwhere/atwhichIusedtoteach.Theystoodatthewindow,fromwheretheycouldseewhatwashappeninginthestreet.whosebook=thebookofwhich=ofwhichthebook四.定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的谓语动词的人称和数与先行词保持一致。例如：1.Herearesuchsentencesasareoftenusedbythestudents.(as指代sentences,谓语动词用are)。2.I,whoamaPartymember,shouldworkhardforourcountry.(who指代I,谓语用am.)。3.Hewasoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedforit.(who指代thestudents)他是被表扬的学生之一。4.Hewastheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedforit.(who指theonlyone)他是唯一被表扬的学生。五.易与定语从句混淆的其他复合句1.定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系“…的”。而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词，如fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。that在定语从句中作成分，可用which或who/whom代替；而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。试比较：①Weallhaveheardthenewsthatourteamwon.(同位语从句，that从句表示news的内容，that在从句中不作任何成分)②Wedon’tbelievethenewsthat/whichhetoldusyesterday.(定语从句，that作told的宾语)2.定语从句与状语从句。试比较：①Heleftthekeywherehehadbeenanhourbefore.(where引导地点状语从句，相当于intheplacewhere)②Helefttheplacewherehelivedformanyyears.(where引导定语从句，修饰theplace)③Heissuchagoodteacherasallofusloveandrespect.(as引导定语从句)④Heissuchagoodteacherthatwealllikehim.(that引导结果状语从句,such…that…“如此…以致…”)3．定语从句与主语从句。试比较：①Asisknowntousall,paperwasfirstmadeinChina.(as引导定语从句，指代整个主句内容，可置于句首)②ItisknowntousallthatpaperwasfirstmadeinChina.(it做形式主语，代替that引导的主语从句)4．定语从句与强调结构。试比较：①ItisthehousewhereImettheyoungman.(where引导定语从句，修饰house，where在定语从句中作地点状语)②ItwasinthehousethatImettheyoungman.(本句为强调结构，可还原为Imettheyoungmaninthehouse.)1.Itistheyoungman_______lookedfor_______caughtthemurderer.A.that…whoB.that…theyC.they…thatDthey…which2.Isthisfactory_______wevisitedlastyear?A.whereBinwhichCtheoneDatwhich3.Thebook,thecover_______isbroken,isnotmine.A.ofitBforCwhoseDofwhich4.ThisisMrSmith,_____Ithinkhassomethinginterestingtotellyou.A.whoBwhomC.thatD.x5.Who_______hasseentheTVfilmdoesn’tadmireit?A.thatBwhoCwhichDas分析：先行词是who，到是指人，可为了避免重复，不用who，而用能指代人的that。答案是A。7.Thisisthelasttime____Ishallgiveyoualesson.A.whenBthatCwhichDinwhich分析：答案是B。这里的time不指时间，而是次数。且先行词time被thelast所修饰,所以用that引导。8.Idon’tliketheway_____youlaughather.A.thatBonwhichCwhichDas9.____haveplentyofmoneywillhelptheirfriend.A.ThosewhoB.HewhoC.ThatwhoD.Youwho10.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_____Ilivedinthefarm____youvisitedlastweek.A.when,whereB.which,whichC.when,whichD.which,where6.YoucanneverimaginewhatgreattroubleIhavehad____thepatientwhoreceivedaseriouswound.A.treatB.totreatCtreatingDtreated注：havetrouble(difficult)doingsth六.定语从句可缩略为短语：1、缩略为分词短语有些定语从句可直接略去作主语的关系代词（who,which,例如：1)Iknowthemen(whoare)sittinginthatcar.(IME2)Theboyshelpedthepeople(thatwere)hurtintheaccident.(ib).3)Theproblem(whichis)botheringeverybodyisthelackofmoney.(ib)4)Thebook(thathasbeen)giventohimisanEnglishnovel.(NEC)语小说。有些定语从句不能按上述方法直接缩略，而需变动词为这类定语从句一般缩略为现在分词短语，且在缩略时要考虑现在分词的时态和词态特征。例如：5)Themanwhoownsthatcarwillbefinedforillegalparking→Themanowningthatcarwillbefinedforillegalparking.6)Bill,whohadtakenchemistryinhighschool,offeredtohelphim.→Bill,havingtakenchemistryinhighschool,offeredtohelphim.7)Now,however,thefurniturewhichtheyarecarryingdowntothetruckfeelsveryheavy.→Now,however,thefurniturebeingcarrieddowntothetruckfeelsveryheavy.2、缩略为形容词短语若定词从句为主体表结构，且表语由形容短词充当，可直接略去作主词的关系代词和连系动词，从而使定词从句缩略为形容词短语作后置定语。例如：1)Themen(whowere)responsiblefortheadministrationoftheschoolrefusedtoconsiderthematter.2).WesaidgoodbyetoMrs.Long,(whowas)stillbusyatherchores.3).Thepuppy,(whichwas)tooexcitedtobecalmed,barkedfuriously.3．缩略为名词短语由名词短语作表语的非限制性定语从句略去作主语的关系代词和连系动词便成为名词短语作同位语。例如：1）Thecompanycommander,(whowas)CaptainMadison,assembledhismenandannouncedtheirmission.连长,墨迪逊上尉,把战士们集合起来宣布他们的战斗任务。2）YoushouldhaveatalkwithMr.Worth,(whois)theadvisertostudents.你应该和沃斯先生-学生顾问谈一谈。3)WefinallyreachedRio,(whichwas)theendorourjourney.4．缩略为介词短语若定语从句为主系表句型，且表语为介语短语，可略去主语关系代词和连系动词，使之缩略为介词短语作后置定语。此外，若定语从句中含“有”动词（has,have,had），用介词with/without取替定语从句中主语关系代词和“有”动词，使定语从句缩略为介词with/without短语作后置定语。With适用于肯定的定语从句；without适用于否定的定语从句。例如:Hespoketothegirl(whowas)fromNewYork例如：1).Thecompanywantsmenwhohaveexperience.→Thecompanywantsmenwithexperience.2）Myfatherwentuptothewomanwhohadabookunderherarm.→Myfatherwentuptothewomenwithabookunderherarm.3）Theteacherwaslookingforarulethatdidnothaveanexception.→Theteacherwaslookingforarulewithoutanexception.5、缩略为动词不定式短词某些含情态动词或助动词的定语从句可缩略为动词不定式短语作后置定语。例如：1）Youneedsomeonewhocanlookafteryou.2)Thewayyoushouldstartthemachineistopressthebutton.3)Therearestillmanyobstaclesthatmustbeovercome.4)Thequestionwhichwillbediscussedtomorrowiswhetherincometaxshouldbeincreased.5)Thereareplentyoftoyswithwhichthechildrencanplay.