非谓语动词的区别

朗读下列句子，思考划线部分充当什么句子成分？充当该句子成分的是什么词？1）Thestorysoundsinteresting.2）Thenewswasdisappointing.3）Iwaspleasedatthenews.4）Helookedveryexcited.5）Thedoorremainedlocked表语现在分词作表语，表示主语的性质和特征。表语过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态。•现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别：1.现在分词作表语，一般置于be,get,become,look,sound,feel,remain等系动词的后面，表示主语的性质和特征，主语与表语之间是主动关系。主语一般是物，表示某物“令人……的”。2.过去分词作表语时一般置于be,get,become,look,sound,feel,remain等系动词的后面，在逻辑上与主语有被动关系，表示主语所处的状态，主语多为人,表示“(人)对…感到…”，。练习：用所给词的适当形式填空。1）Thebookisvery___________,soIamvery__________init.(interest)2)Allthepeoplewere________aboutthegoodnews.(excite)3)Helooksvery_________(please)withhimself.4)Themusicismuch_________(please)totheear.interestinginterestedexcitedpleasedpleasing朗读下列句子，思考划线部分充当什么句子成分？充当该句子成分的是什么词？1)Thebookwrittenbythepeasantisinteresting.2）Americaisadevelopedcountry.过去分词短语作定语过去分词作定语，表示动作已完成。它与被修饰词是动宾关系3)Chinaisadevelopingcountry.4）Didyouknowthegirldancingwithyourbrother?现在分词（短语）与被修饰词是主谓关系，而且表示动作正在进行。现在分词作定语，表示动作正在进行现在分词短语作定语，5)Hehasameetingtoattend.6)Ihavealettertotype.动词不定式作定语，一般表示“将来”的意义。动词不定式作定语注意：不定式与被修饰词之间虽然是动宾关系，但句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式要用主动形式（todo)。比较：Ihavealettertobetyped.Ihavealettertotype.前者说明主语I不是type这个动作的执行者；后者说明主语I是type这个动作的执行者练习：用所给词的适当形式填空。1)Theyoungman________(sit)betweenJohnandMaryistheeditorofthecampusnewspaper.2)Themeeting,_________(attend)by1,000students,wasasuccess.3)Thehouse_______(build)lastyearismyuncle’shouse.builtsittingattended4)Thebuilding__________(build)nextyearwillbetheteachingbuilding.5)Thebuilding__________(build)nowwillbethelabbuilding.tobebuiltbeingbuilt不定式与被修饰词之间是动宾关系且表示即将进行的动作就用动词不定式的被动式（tobedone)。如果非谓语动词与被修饰词之间是动宾关系且表示动作正在进行就用现在分词的被动式（beingdone)6）Thehouse_______________(repair）nextmonthwillbemine.7）Thehouse__________________(decorate)nowismine.toberepairedbeingdecorated朗读下列句子，并仔细观察，思考划线部分充当什么句子成分？充当该句子成分的是什么词？它们有什么区别？1）Isawthemissingboyplayingbytheriver.2)Iwillhelpyou(to)improveyourEnglish.3)IsawTomgetintothecar.4)Hehadhiscarrepairedyesterday.5)Wefoundoneoftheglassesbroken.现在分词作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语宾语与宾补是主谓关系宾语与宾补是主谓关系宾语与宾补是主谓关系宾语与宾补是动宾关系表状态，表完成意义表动作正在进行表将来意义强调动作的全过程动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语的区别：1.现在分词作宾语补足语。宾语与宾补之间在逻辑上存在着主谓关系（即宾语是现在分词动作的执行者）。而且表示动作正在进行，就用现在分词作宾语补足语2.动词不定式作宾语补足语。宾语与宾补之间在逻辑上存在着主谓关系（即宾语是动词不定式动作的执行者）。不表示动作正在进行,只表示动作的全过程或表将来,就用动词不定式作宾语补足语。3.过去分词作宾语补足语。宾语与宾补之间在逻辑上存在着动宾关系（即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者），或表状态，表完成意义。就用过去分词作宾语补足语。1)Hegothissister_________(write)aletterforhim.2)Ihadthatdoor___________(paint)onlylastweek.3)Ourteachershaveus______(do)ourhomeworkeveryday.4)Thebossmadetheworkers_______(work)allnightlong.5)AweekagoIhadahundreddollars__________(save).6)Don’tletthelightinyourroom____________(burn)allnightlong.towritepainteddoworkingsavedburning朗读下列句子，并仔细观察，思考划线部分充当什么句子成分？它与句子是什么关系？1)Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindfromtimetotime.2)Theywentintotheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.3)Havinglitacandle,shewentout.现在分词与句子主语是主谓关系现在分词作状语7)Seenfromthetopofthemountain,theparklooksverybeautiful.8)Frightenedbythenoiseinthenight,thegirldidn'tdaretosleepinherroom.9)Thehunterlefthishouse,followedbyhisdog.过去分词短语作状语过去分词与句子主语是动宾关系1.如果分词与句子的主语是主谓关系，就用现在分词的一般式doing或现在分词的完成式havingdone。2.如果分词与句子的主语是动宾关系，就用过去分词(done)到底用过去分词还是用现在分词作状语，主要根据分词与逻辑主语（即句子的主语）的关系来决定。练习：用所给词的适当形式填空。1)When_________(heat),watercanbechangedintosteam.2)Once_____________(publish),thisdictionarywillbeverypopular.heatedpublished3)____________(be)ill,shedidn’tgotheschooltoday.4)________(give)moretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.5)________(pay)moreattention,thechildwillbehappier.6__________(see)nobodyathome,Idecidedtocomeagain.GivenPaidSeeingBeing7)_________(choke使窒息)byheavysmoke,hecouldhardlybreathe.8)Thewomanscientistenteredthelab,________(follow)byherassistants.9)Not________________（receive）ananswer,Iwrotetohimagain.10)_________(hear)thegoodnews,hejumpedwithjoy.followedhavingreceivedHearingChoked比较下列两个句子，注意它们的区别。1）Havingbeenshownthelabs,weweretakentoseethelibrary.2）Seenfromthetopofthemountain,theparklooksverybeautiful.句1）强调分词的动作发生在谓语动词（weretaken…)之前。而句2）表被动,并没有强调分词的动作发生在谓语动词（look)之前。•过去分词（done)和现在分词完成被动式(havingbeendone)的区别：1）过去分词done表被动，表示动作已完成，但没有强调分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。2）现在分词完成被动式(havingbeendone)则强调分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。•eg:Havingbeenwarnedaboutthebandits,helefthisvaluablesathome。•当警告有强盗出没时，他就把贵重物品留在家里。•1)_______________(tell)manytimes,hestillcouldn’tunderstand.2)_______________(give)asatisfactoryoperation,thepatientrecoveredfromillnessveryquickly.3)_________________(ask)tostay,Icouldn’tverywellleave.HavingbeentoldHavingbeengivenHavingbeenasked人家请我留下，我就不好离开了。短文填空。Iwasgreatly_______(shock)whenhearingthatonAugust7,2010,apowerfulmudslides(泥石流)damagedhousesinthelandslide-hitZhouquCounty,GansuProvince.________(wipe)outbytheterribleMudslide,thewholevillagesweredamaged._________(terrify)bythesuddendisaster,hundredsoflivesgot_______(lose)andagreatnumberof__________(panic)peoplewererenderedhomeless.shockedWipedTerrifiedlostpanickedSoldierscarriedoutrescueeffortsinmudslide-hitZhouquCounty.Morethan10,000troops,policeandfirefightershavebeenworkingtosearchforsurvivorsinthedebris(残骸)ofthetown__________(flatten摧毁)bymudslides.___________(worry)a