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一般式(谓语动词同时发生)doingbeingdone完成式(谓语动词发生之前)havingdonehavingbeendone1.一般式:Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。2.被动式:Hecametothepartywithoutbeinginvited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。3.完成式:Werememberedhavingseenthefilm.我们记得看过这部电影。4.完成被动式:HeforgothavingbeentakentoGuangzhouwhenhewasfiveyearsold.他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。5.否定式:not+动名词Iregretnotfollowinghisadvice.我后悔没听他的劝告。6.复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+动名词Hesuggestedourtryingitonceagain.他建议我们再试一次。HisnotknowingEnglishtroubledhimalot.他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。动名词的句法功能:(1)作主语:Readingaloudisveryhelpful.朗读是很有好处的。Collectingstampsisinteresting.集邮很有趣。当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。It'snousequarrelling.争吵是没用的。2.作表语:Intheantcity,thequeen'sjobislayingeggs.在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵。3.作宾语:Theyhaven'tfinishedbuildingthedam.他们还没有建好大坝。Wehavetopreventtheairfrombeingpolluted.我们必须阻止空气被污染。注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如上面两个例句。此外,动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如:Wefounditnogoodmakingfunofothers.我们发现取笑他人不好。要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语:enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid(避免),excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit(承认),deny(否认),mind,permit,forbid,practise,risk(冒险),appreciate(感激),bebusy,beworth,feellike,can'tstand,can'thelp(情不自禁地),thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…(from),keep…from,stop…(from),protect…from,setabout,beengagedin,spend…(in),succeedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,insiston,feellike4.作定语:Hecan'twalkwithoutawalkingstick.他没有拐杖不能走路。Isthereaswimmingpoolinyourschool?你们学校有游泳池吗?5.作同位语:Thecave,hishiding-placeissecret.那个山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。Hishabit,listeningtothenewsontheradioremainsunchanged.他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。1.现在分词的主动语态:现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语。例如:Theywenttothepark,singingandtalking.他们边唱边说向公园走去。Havingdonehishomework,heplayedbasket-ball.做完作业,他开始打篮球。2.现在分词的被动语态:一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。Theproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportants.正在被讨论的问题很重要。(importants,加s表示讨论的多个问题重要)Havingbeentoldmanytimes,thenaughtyboymadethesamemistake.被告诉了好几遍,这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。现在分词的句法功能:1.作定语:现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。Inthefollowingyearsheworkedevenharder.在后来的几年中,他学习更努力了。Themanspeakingtotheteacherisourmonitor'sfather.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如:inthefollowingyears也可用intheyearsthatfollowed;themanspeakingtotheteacher可改为themanwhoisspeakingtotheteacher.(2)现在分词作表语:Thefilmbeingshowninthecinemaisexciting.正在这家上演的电影很棒。Thepresentsituationisinspiring.当前的形势鼓舞人心。be+doing既可能表示现在进行时,也可能是现在分词做表语,它们的区别在于be+doing表示进行的动作是进行时,而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。3.作宾语补足语:如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语:see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,observe,listento,lookat,leave,catch等。例如:Canyouhearhersingingthesonginthenextroom?你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?Hekeptthecarwaitingatthegate.他让小汽车在门口等着。4.现在分词作状语:①作时间状语:(While)Workinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworkers.在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人。②作原因状语:BeingaLeaguemember,heisalwayshelpingothers.由于是共青团员,他经常帮助他人。③作方式状语,表示伴随:Hestayedathome,cleaningandwashing.他呆在家里,又擦又洗。④作条件状语:(If)Playingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间。⑤作结果状语:Hedroppedtheglass,breakingitintopieces.他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎⑥作目的状语:Hewentswimmingtheotherday.几天前他去游泳了。⑦作让步状语:Thoughrainingheavily,itclearedupverysoon.虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格:Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyhead.Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了。Timepermitting,we'lldoanothertwoexercises.如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习。有时也可用with(without)+名词(代词宾格)+分词形式Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.他点着灯睡着了。⑨作独立成分:udgingfrom(by)hisappearance,hemustbeanactor.从外表看,他一定是个演员。Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecareful.一般说来,女孩子更细心。
本文标题:非谓语动词练习高中
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