高考英语完形填空基本解题技巧指导[课件]

12解题方法：总的原则:“先完意，后完形”。八字方针：上下求索，瞻前顾后。三步曲：读——填——读3三步答题Step1Skip(跳读)thepassagetogetthegeneralideaandpayattentiontothefirstsentence.Intheclozetest,thereisnoblankinthefirstsentence(首句).Ithelpsustoknowthetopicofthewholepassage.(完形填空首句不挖空，帮助进入语境）4Step2Rereadandchoosethebestanswerforeachblankbyusingsomemethods.(在把握语篇大意的基础上，借助于一些恰当的方法选择最佳答案)5Fourmethods(四种常用的方法)：1、context(上下文语境)2、worddistinctionsorcollocations(词语辨析和固定搭配)3、informationgiveninthepassage(利用文章中的信息---原词复现、近义词和反义词等)4、culturalbackgroundandcommonsense(文化背景和常识)6Step3Readthepassageagainandchecktheanswers.（将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查）7Tips:1.thetenseandthevoice，theaccordbetweensubjectandpredicate(时态语态，主谓语在上下文中是否一致)2.grammarandcollocations(语法和习惯用法的搭配在上下文中是否一致)3.theconnectionbetweensentencesandparagraphs(段与段，句与句之间的衔接是否连贯)4.themeaningofthewholepassage(整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否一致，上下文的衔接是否合理)82.注意句与句、段与段之间的起承转合，把握事件发生、发展的顺序和内在联系及文章中的连接词准确判断逻辑关系。这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如平行关系、转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系以及对比关系等。一、行文逻辑1.充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词和句。这些词可能是原词、同根词、同义词、近义词、反义词或概括词的复现。91).WhenIenteredBerkeley,Ihopedtoearnascholarship……Thelasthurdle(障碍)wasthefinal.Nomatterwhat48Igot,itwouldn’tcancelthreeC-pluses.Imightaswellkissthe49goodbye.…Iwasspeechlesswhenmycoursegradearrived:A-plus.ItwastheonlyA-plusgiven.ThenextyearIreceivedmyscholarship.I’vealwaysrememberedProfessorJayne’slesson:youalonemustsetyourownstandardofexcellence.(北京卷)48.A.gradeB.answerC.lessonD.comment49.A.scholarshipB.courseC.degreeD.subject102)(NMET)MysisterandIgrewupinalittlevillageinEngland.Ourfatherwasastruggling36,butIalwaysknewhewas37.36.A.biologistB.managerC.lawyerD.gardener37.A.strictB.honestC.specialD.learned…henevercriticizedus,butused38(praise)tobringoutourbest…fathersaid:“whenIwas23,mydadpersuadedmetogointolaw”.113).…ThenIhadtowalkseveralblocksintheincreasinglyheavyrain.WhenIfinallygottomyoffice,Iwas47through,exhaust--edand48.(山东卷)47).A.wetB.weakC.sickD.hurt48).A.ashamedB.discouragedC.surprisedD.puzzled124)．WhenItookthefirstexam,Iwas38tofinda77,C-plus,onmytestpaper,39Englishwasmybestsubject.IwenttoProfessorJayne,Wholistenedtomyargumentsbutremained40.(北京卷)38.A.shockedB.worriedC.scaredD.anxious39.A.butB.soC.forD.or40.A.unchangedB.unpleasantC.unfriendlyD.unmoved135）.Jenna,apopulargirlfromWestwoodMiddleSchool,hadgraduatedfirstinherclassandwasreadyfornew16inhighschool.17,highschoolwasdifferent.(天津卷)16.A.processesB.decisionsC.challengesD.exercises17.A.ThereforeB.HoweverC.OtherwiseD.Besides14二、固定搭配2.同义词、近义词、形近词的辨析及转换词的辨析。1.注意固定搭配中动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等;同时要根据内容选择正确的答案。151).Awomaninhersixtieslivedaloneinherlittlecottagewithapeartreeatthedoor.Shespentallhertimetakingcareofthetree.Butthechildrennearbydroveher21bymakingfunofher.Theywouldclimbhertreeandthenrunawaywithpears,22“AuntyMisery”ather.(陕西卷)21.A.hopelessB.painfulC.dullD.crazy22.A.callingB.shoutingC.announcingD.whispering162).Ontheroadoflife,thehelpofstrangerscan37ourloadsandliftourspirits…(重庆卷)37.A.moveB.increaseC.lightenD.carry3).I40tobeoneofthepeopleonthewaytoworkthatmorning.Iwentfromsubwaylinetosubwaylinetofindthatmost(service)41hadstopped.(山东卷)40.A.usedB.promisedC.deservedD.happened174).…ThetechniqueMooteeusestotreatpeoplewithOCDiscalledcognitive-behavioraltherapy(认知行为疗法).“Itisbasedonthegeneralideathatpeoplehavetheabilitytochangethe45theythinkandbehave,”saysMootee.45.A.wayB.methodC.solutionD.means5).“Givemeahand,”heshouted_____hegotneartheboat.A.whileB.tillC.forD.as18changethe45theythinkandbehave.changetheway(inwhich/that)theythinkandbehave.Eg.Thereisno___youcouldeverdoit.A.WayB.moneyC.oneD.ideaThereisnoway(inwhich/that)youcouldeverdoit.196).…Giventherighttools,wecantrainourbrainstoactlikewhattheydidwhenwewereyounger.Allthat’s50isthepracticedesignedforthepurpose:afewexercisesforthemind.50.A.requiredB.inquiredC.acquiredD.requested7).…WhenSaturdaynightcame,Iwasluckily39thetablesnotfarfromthekitchen.40,Istillfeltalittlehardtocarrytheheavytrays(托盘).(全国卷I)39.A.leftB.givenC.broughtD.shown40.A.ThereforeB.HoweverC.OtherwiseD.Finally____methetables20三、文化背景和生活常识完形填空试题的阅读材料常以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，其间渗透着各种相关的常识，从人文科学到历史、地理知识等。我们在做题时，要积极地调动自己所掌握的文化背景和生活常识，注意中西文化的差异，并巧妙地运用文化背景和生活常识，从而大大的简化分析与判断过程。211).…shewascompetingagainstverytalentedgirls,andsheknewitwouldbe18forhertobeselected.Twohourslater,the19readalistofthegirlsforasecondtryout…(天津卷)18.A.difficultB.easyC.boringD.interesting19.A.editorB.bossC.candidateD.judge2).Iwasasingleparentoffoursmallchildren,workingatalow-paidjob.Moneywasalwaystight,butwehada36overourheads,foodonthetable,clothesonourbacks,andifnotalot,always37…(辽宁卷)36.A.roofB.hatC.skyD.star37.A.littleB.lessC.enoughD.more223).…Highschoolwasjustashermomhadsaid:“Youwillfeellikeasmallfishinabigpond34abigfishinasmallpond.”…(天津卷)34.A.inreturnforB.incaseofC.intermsofD.insteadof23•Consolidation.241).Manyoldpeopledon’thavegood______.Theycan’twatchTV,buttheycanlistentomusicornewsovertheradio.A.hearingB.healthC.eyesightD.time2)Atfirstnothinghappened,_____suddenlyalargeratrushedoutofthe…A.andB.orC.soD.then3).…Inparticular,therewas(andperhapsstillis)abeliefinfairies(仙女).Notallofthese2