高二英语语法不定式专项讲解

IndeterminateExpression动词不定式Lily2.宾语•(2)动词+疑问词+不定式动词有decide,findout,forget,know,learn,remember,Wheretogoisnotknownyet.Idon'tknowwhentobegin.•I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmynewjob.(NMET2000)A.expectedBtoexpectCtobeexpectingD.expects•ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows____(NMET2002)A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit•(3)作介词宾语不定式•Shehasnochoicebuttowaitforthenews.•(4)有些动词后既可接不定式也可接动名词，但含义不同。GoontodoGoondoingRegrettodoRegretdoingRemembertodoRememberdoingForgettodoForgetdoingTrytodoTrydoingMeantodoMeandoingCan’thelpdoingCan’thelptodo4.定语•(1)当被修饰的词与不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式用主动形式；若不定式是不及物动词，但与所修饰的词有意义上的动宾关系，其后应加一个适当的介词。Therearemanywaystosolvetheproblem.Hesaidhehadanimportantmeetingtoattend.Theproblemisdifficulttodealwith.•(2)不定式可用在thefirst,thesecond以及thelast,theonly和最高级等后面作定语ShelikestolistentoMrLi’slessons,sosheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.•Therearefivepairs____，butI’matalosswhichtobuy.(1999上海)A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing6.状语•（表目的，结果和原因。*强调目的，可把不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加inorder或soas）•____lateinthemorning，BobturnedoffthealarmA.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept•Thedogpackshurriedtotheairport,onlytofindthestarhadleft.出乎意料的结果BasicForms•否定式:“not+不定式”•It'sunfairnottotellus.Tellhim____thewindow.(MET1986)A.toshutnotB.nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshut•被动式:“tobe+过去分词PastP”LittleJimshouldlove____tothetheatrethisevening.(NMET1992).A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking•进行式:“tobe+现在分词PresentP”WhenIcamein,hepretendedtobereading.•完成式:“tohave+过去分词PastP”Iwouldlove____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.(MET1997).A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havegone1,表示虚拟语气tohavedone•在表示“希望、打算”等（如hope,expect,intend,mean,want等）的过去式后，可接动词不定式的完成式来表示没有实现的动作。•Iintendedtohavecalledonyou,butwaspreventedfromdoingso.•Wemeanttohavestayedthereaweek.•提示：表示“原打算、原以为”还可以用这类动词的过去完成时来表达。•Ihadintendedtocallonyou.•Ihadexpectedtomeethimherelastnight.2,with/without•With/without+名词+不定式结构在句子中通常起状语的作用。•Withsomuchworktodo,Ishallnotbeabletogotothecinemawithyou.•Withoutanythingtoeat,hediedofhunger.3.有do无to情况•如不定式前有行为动词do，那么在表语从句中的不定式和介词except或but之后的不定式可不带to。•TheonlythingIcoulddowasgohome.•Theycoulddonothingbutwaitforthedoctortocome.4.不定式的省略•1.下列短语后接不带to的不定式:hadbetter,wouldrather,whynot,cannothelpbut,ratherthan,otherthan•2．不定式的省略形容词后不定式的省略:happy,glad,ready,eager,anxious•--I’llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?--Notatall.____.(NMET95)A.I’venotimeB.I’drathernotC.I’dlikeitD.I’dbehappyto•动词后不定式的省略:like,love,hope,wish,mean,want,refuse,try,advise,persuade.•--Willyougotothetheatre,MissBrown?--Sorry,____.(1994上海)A.IwantB.Idon’twanttoC.I’mgladtoD.I’dliketo•固定词组oughtto,haveto,usedto,beableto,begoingto等后也可省略不定式。•--Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?--I____,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.(MET97)A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoDdidEXERCISE•1.Mr.SmithhaslivedinCanadafortwelveyears,sohe______thelifethere.•A.usedtoB.getusedtoC.gotusedtoD.hasgotusedto•2.Iwouldlove______tothepartylastnight.•A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone•3.Robertissaid______abroad,butIdon’tknowwhichcountryhestudiedin.•A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying•4.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat______inmynewjob.•A.expectedB.toexpectC.expectingD.expectsNon-predicateExercises•1.Missingthelastbusmeans______home.A.towalkB.walkingC.walkedD.walk•2.______,IattendedthemeetinginsteadofhimlastMonday.A.HewasillB.HisbeingillC.HimbeingillD.Hebeingill•3.______onthetopofthebuilding,andyou’llfindthecitymorebeautiful.A.StandB.TostandC.StandingD.Stood•4.Themeeting______thiseveningisofimportant.A.holdingB.heldC.toholdD.tobeholdEXERCISES•5.______deepdownintheearthforthousandsofyears,thedeadforesthasrottedawayandbecomecoal.A.BuriedB.BuryingC.HavingburiedD.Havingbeenburied•6.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget______bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay•7.hemanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee______thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutExercises•8._____blackandblue,theladycouldn’tmove.A.BeatenB.BeatingC.TobebeatenD.Tobeat•9.WhenIgotback,Isawamessage____tothedoor_____“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”A.pin,readB.pinning,readingC.pinned,readingD.pinned,read•10._____poorinEnglish,I’mafraidIcan’tmakemyself____.A.Tobe;understandB.I’m;tounderstandC.Being;understandingD.Being；understoodExercises•11.Withalotofdifferentproblems_____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled•12.Withalotofdifferentproblems_____,thenewly-electedpresidentisverypleased.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled•13._____theroom,thenursefoundthetape-recorder_____.A.Entering;stealingB.Entering;goneC.Tohaveentered;beingstolenD.Havingentered;tobestolenExercises•14._____everywhere,thewolveshadnowhere_____themselves.A.Hunting;hidingB.Tohunt;tohideC.Hunted;hidingD.Hunted;tohide•15.CharlieChaplinisconsidered_____agreatcontributiontothefilmindustry.A.tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.havingmade•16.Doyouknowthegirl________onastone?A.sitB.seatingC.seatedD.sat